Vaginal laser therapy has been offered to postmenopausal women with bothersome genitourinary symptoms when vaginal estrogen therapy cannot be used or is ineffective. Fiona Li, MD, and Jason Abbott, PhD, from the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, join JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, from the University of California San Diego to discuss findings from their randomized trial comparing fractional carbon dioxide laser therapy vs sham treatment on severity of symptoms and their emotional and functional effects.