Accepted for Publication: June 22, 2018.
Published: November 16, 2018. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2242
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2018 Moreno MA et al. JAMA Network Open.
Corresponding Author: Megan A. Moreno, MD, MSEd, MPH, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2870 University Ave, Ste 200, Mailcode 9010, Madison, WI 53705 (mamoreno@pediatrics.wisc.edu).
Author Contributions: Dr Moreno had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Moreno, Gower, Sohal, Kerr, Cox.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Gower, Jenkins, Scheck, Sohal, Kerr, Young, Cox.
Drafting of the manuscript: Moreno, Gower, Jenkins, Scheck, Sohal, Kerr, Young.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Moreno, Gower, Jenkins, Scheck, Kerr, Young, Cox.
Statistical analysis: Gower, Jenkins, Scheck, Sohal, Kerr, Young, Cox.
Obtained funding: Moreno.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Kerr.
Supervision: Kerr.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.
Funding/Support: This study was funded by the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute at the University of Washington and by grant R01DA041641 from the National Institute of Drug Abuse.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Meeting Presentation: This article was presented as a poster at the 2018 Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association; November 12, 2018; San Diego, California.
3.Johnston
LD, O’Malley
PM, Bachman
JG, Schulenberg
JE, Miech
RA. Monitoring the Future. National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2013: Volume 2, College Students and Adults Ages 19–55. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan; 2014.
10.Pechmann
C, Knight
SJ. An experimental investigation of the joint effects of advertising and peers on adolescents’ beliefs and intentions about cigarette consumption.
J Consum Res. 2002;29(1):5-19. doi:
10.1086/339918Google ScholarCrossref 23.Hong
T, Johnson
C. The effect of social norms and attitudes on smoking prevalence among a panel of adolescent girls [abstract].
J Womens Health. 2007;16(8):1109.
Google Scholar 25.Chaffee
SH. Mass media and interpersonal channels: competitive, convergent or complementary? In: Gumpert
G, Cathcart
R, eds. Inter/Media: Interpersonal Communications in a Media World. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1986:66-80.