Corresponding Author: Erika Garcia, PhD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, SSB1 225F MC 9237, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9237 (garc991@usc.edu).
Accepted for Publication: April 17, 2019.
Author Contributions: Drs Garcia and Gilliland had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Garcia, Berhane, McConnell, Urman, Gilliland.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Garcia, Berhane, Islam, Urman, Chen, Gilliland.
Drafting of the manuscript: Garcia, Berhane, Islam.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Garcia, Berhane, Islam, Urman, Chen.
Obtained funding: Gilliland.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Gilliland.
Supervision: Berhane, Islam, Gilliland.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr McConnell reported receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study and outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This work was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grants P30ES007048, P01ES009581, R01ES021801, and R01ES025786), the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (grant R01HL118455), the US Environmental Protection Agency (grants R826708 and RD831861), and the Hastings Foundation.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Additional Contributions: We thank Ed Avol, MS, from the Department of Preventive Medicine at the University of Southern California, and Fred Lurmann, MS, from Sonoma Technology Inc, for their review of the manuscript. They did not receive financial compensation for their contributions. We also thank the participating students and their families, the school staff and administrators, and the members of the study field team for their efforts.
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