Accepted for Publication: June 7, 2019.
Corresponding Author: Albert J. Bredenoord, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands (a.j.bredenoord@amsterdamumc.nl).
Author Contributions: Drs Ponds and Bredenoord had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Ponds, Fockens, Chiu, Kahrilas, Pandolfino, Smout, Bredenoord.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Ponds, Fockens, Lei, Neuhaus, Beyna, Kandler, Frieling, Chiu, Wu, Wong, Costamagna, Familiari, Pandolfino, Smout, Bredenoord.
Drafting of the manuscript: Ponds, Fockens, Bredenoord.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Ponds.
Obtained funding: Fockens, Bredenoord.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Ponds, Fockens, Lei, Beyna, Frieling, Chiu, Wu, Familiari, Kahrilas, Pandolfino, Bredenoord.
Supervision: Ponds, Fockens, Beyna, Costamagna, Familiari, Kahrilas, Smout, Bredenoord.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Fockens reported receiving personal fees from Cook Endoscopy, Olympus, Ethicon Endosurgery, and Fujifilm, consulting for Medtronic, and receiving research support from Boston Scientific and Ovesco outside the submitted work. Dr Beyna reported receiving grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Olympus, and Boston Scientific, personal fees and nonfinancial support from Medtronic, personal fees from Falk Foundation, and grants and nonfinancial support from Erbe USA outside the submitted work. Dr Wu reported receiving personal fees from AstraZeneca, Takeda, Reckitt Benckiser, and Menarini outside the submitted work. Dr Costamagna reported receiving personal fees and nonfinancial support from Olympus, grants from Boston Scientific, and grants and nonfinancial support from Cook Medical outside the submitted work. Dr Kahrilas reported receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study. Dr Pandolfino reported receiving personal fees from Medtronic, Diversatek, Torax, Ironwood, and Takeda and a grant from Impleo outside the submitted work. Dr Bredenoord reported receiving grants and personal fees from Norgine, grants and personal fees from Laborie, personal fees from Medtronic, personal fees from Diversatek, grants from Nutricia, personal fees from Regeneron, personal fees from Celgene, grants and personal fees from Bayer, and personal fees from DrFalk outside the submitted work and grants from Fonds NutsOhra and ESGE Research during the conduct of the study. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This study was made possible with financial support from Fonds NutsOhra (FNO grant 1202-022) and an ESGE Research Grant.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Data Sharing Statement: See Supplement 4.
2.Boeckxstaens
GE, Annese
V, des Varannes
SB,
et al; European Achalasia Trial Investigators. Pneumatic dilation versus laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy for idiopathic achalasia.
N Engl J Med. 2011;364(19):1807-1816. doi:
10.1056/NEJMoa1010502PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 5.Moonen
A, Annese
V, Belmans
A,
et al. Long-term results of the European achalasia trial: a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing pneumatic dilation versus laparoscopic Heller myotomy.
Gut. 2016;65(5):732-739. doi:
10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310602PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 7.Lynch
KL, Pandolfino
JE, Howden
CW, Kahrilas
PJ. Major complications of pneumatic dilation and Heller myotomy for achalasia: single-center experience and systematic review of the literature.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(12):1817-1825. doi:
10.1038/ajg.2012.332PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 10.Kahrilas
PJ, Katzka
D, Richter
JE. Clinical practice update: the use of per-oral endoscopic myotomy in achalasia: expert review and best practice advice from the American Gastroenterological Association.
Gastroenterology. 2017;153(5):1205-1211. doi:
10.1053/j.gastro.2017.10.001PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 16.Sankar
A, Johnson
SR, Beattie
WS, Tait
G, Wijeysundera
DN. Reliability of the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status scale in clinical practice.
Br J Anaesth. 2014;113(3):424-432. doi:
10.1093/bja/aeu100PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 18.Kahrilas
PJ, Bredenoord
AJ, Fox
M,
et al; International High Resolution Manometry Working Group. The Chicago Classification of esophageal motility disorders, v3.0.
Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015;27(2):160-174. doi:
10.1111/nmo.12477PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 23.Pandolfino
JE, Ghosh
SK, Zhang
Q, Jarosz
A, Shah
N, Kahrilas
PJ. Quantifying EGJ morphology and relaxation with high-resolution manometry: a study of 75 asymptomatic volunteers.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2006;290(5):G1033-G1040. doi:
10.1152/ajpgi.00444.2005PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 29.Haito-Chavez
Y, Inoue
H, Beard
KW,
et al. Comprehensive analysis of adverse events associated with per oral endoscopic myotomy in 1826 patients: an international multicenter study.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112(8):1267-1276. doi:
10.1038/ajg.2017.139PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 33.Csendes
A, Braghetto
I, Burdiles
P, Korn
O, Csendes
P, Henríquez
A. Very late results of esophagomyotomy for patients with achalasia: clinical, endoscopic, histologic, manometric, and acid reflux studies in 67 patients for a mean follow-up of 190 months.
Ann Surg. 2006;243(2):196-203. doi:
10.1097/01.sla.0000197469.12632.e0PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref