Accepted for Publication: September 16, 2019.
Published Online: November 21, 2019. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.4571
Correction: This article was corrected on February 6, 2020, to add the names of 11 participating sites and group members to the Group Information section.
Corresponding Author: Sharon F. Freedman, MD, Jaeb Center for Health Research, 15310 Amberly Dr, Ste 350, Tampa, FL 33647 (pedig@jaeb.org).
Author Contributions: Drs Freedman and Repka had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Kraker, Repka, Wallace, Gearinger.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Freedman, Kraker, Repka, Wallace, de Alba Campomanes, Yanovitch, Orge.
Drafting of the manuscript: Freedman, Kraker, Repka.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Kraker.
Obtained funding: Kraker.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Kraker.
Supervision: Freedman, Kraker, Repka.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.
Funding/Support: This study was supported by grants EY011751 (Mr Kraker), EY023198 (Dr Wallace), and EY018810 from the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funding organization had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Group Information: The members of the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (PEDIG) who participated in this study are as follows (sites are listed in order by number of participants enrolled, and personnel are listed as “[I]” for investigator and “[C]” for coordinator): Duke Eye Center, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina (90): Sharon F. Freedman (I), David K. Wallace (I), Laura B. Enyedi (I), Sasapin Prakalapakorn (I), and Sarah K. Jones (C). Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri (65): Denise A. Hug (I), Erin D. Stahl (I), and Rebecca J. Dent (C). Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston (61): Kimberly G. Yen (I) and Lingkun Kong (C). Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (53): Serena Wang (I) and Bryan K. Gallerson (C). Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, Georgia (48): Scott R. Lambert (I), Amy K. Hutchinson (I), Phoebe Lenhart (I), and Judy Brower (C). Vanderbilt Eye Center, Nashville, Tennessee (47): David G. Morrison (I) and Scott Ruark (C). Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (42): Bahram Rahmani (I), Sudhi Kurup (I), Rebecca Mets-Halgrimson (I), Hawke Yoon (I), Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo (C), and Aaliyah Hamidullah (C). University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (35): Raymond Areaux (I), Jill S. Anderson (I), Erick D. Bothun (I), and Ann M. Holleschau (C). CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (32): Rosanne Superstein (I), Caroline Belanger (I), Nicole Fallaha (I), Patrick Hamel (I), and Maryse Thibeault (C). Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida (26): Susanna M. Tamkins (I) and Ta Chang (I). Wilmer Institute, Baltimore, Maryland (25): Michael X. Repka (I), Courtney Kraus (I), Hee-Jung S. Park (I), Anya A. Trumler (I), and Xiaonong Liu (C). Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (25): William F. Astle (I) and Emi N. Sanders (C). Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio (25): Elias Traboulsi (I), Fatema Ghasia (I), and Diana C. McOwen (C). Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (23): Michael E. Gray (I), Michael B. Yang (I), and Corey S. Bowman (C). Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut (21): Jennifer Galvin (I) and Margaret Therriault (C). Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana (20): Kathryn Haider (I), Heather Smith (I), and Michele E. Whitaker (C). Department of Ophthalmology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio (20): Faruk H. Orge (I), Adriana P. Grigorian (I), and Alicia M. Baird (C). Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (17): Mitchell B. Strominger (I), Vicki Chen (I), and Shelley Klein (C). Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco (16): Alejandra de Alba Campomanes (I), Jacquelyn D. Kemmer (C), and Alexandra E. Neiman (C). Wolfe Eye Clinic, West Des Moines, Iowa (16): Myra N. Mendoza (I) and Jill J. Frohwein (C). Pediatric Ophthalmology Associates Inc, Columbus, Ohio (14): Don Bremer (I), Cybil Cassady (I), Richard Golden (I), Catherine Jordan (I), David Rogers (I), and Sara A. Oravec (C). Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (14): Tammy L. Yanovitch (I) and Keven Lunsford (C). Northwest Pediatric Ophthalmology, Spokane, Washington (14): George Whitehead (I), Christina Nye (I), Caroline Shea (I), and SueAnn M. Stillman (C). IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (12): G. Robert LaRoche (I) and Stephen C. Van Iderstine (C). John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (12): Marielle Young (I) and Elisa Robertson (C). Saint Louis University Eye Institute, St Louis, Missouri (12): Oscar A. Cruz (I), Rafif Ghadban (I), and Dawn Govreau (C). University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (11): Scott A. Larson (I), Susannah Longmuir (I), and Xiaoyan Shan (C). Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom (11): Michael P. Clarke (I), Kate Taylor (C), and Christine Powell (C). David and Ilene Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (11): Benjamin P. Hammond (I), Matthew D. Gearinger (I), and Andrea Czubinski (C). Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware (11): Dorothy H. Hendricks (I), Jing Jin (I), Jonathan H. Salvin (I), and Alicia Fisher (C). St Luke’s Health System, Boise, Idaho (10): Katherine A. Lee (I), Daniel Brooks (I), and Bonita R. Schweinler (C). Pediatric Ophthalmology of Erie, Pennsylvania (10): Nicholas A. Sala (I) and Allyson M. Sala (C). Casey Eye Institute, Portland, Oregon (10): Allison I. Summers (I), Daniel J. Karr (I), Lorri B. Wilson (I), and Paula K. Rauch (C). UC Davis Health Eye Center, Sacramento, California (10): Mary O’Hara (I), Nandini Gandhi (I), and Tania Hashmi (C). Spokane Eye Clinic, Spokane, Washington (10): Jeffrey Colburn (I) and Eileen Dittman (C). Charles R. Whitfill, MD, Wichita, Kansas (9): Charles R. Whitfill (I) and Amy M. Wheeler (C). University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (7): Emily A. McCourt (I), Jasleen Singh (I), and Nanastasia Welnick (C). Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois, Chicago (7): Nathalie F. Azar (I) and Joseph Baker (C). Pediatric Ophthalmology PC, Grand Rapids, Michigan (7): Patrick J. Droste (I), Robert J. Peters (I), and Jan Hilbrands (C). Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (7): Stacy L. Pineles (I), Marianne J. Bernardo (C). SouthEast Eye Specialists PLLC, Chattanooga, Tennessee (6): Edward Peterson (I) and Charla H. Peterson (C). Robert Cizik Eye Clinic, University of Texas, Houston (6): Kartik Kumar (I) and Ephrem Melese (C). Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine (5): Robert Lingua (I) and Jeff Grijalva (C). Virginia Pediatric Eye Center, Norfolk (5): Earl R. Crouch Jr (I), Earl R. Crouch III (I), and Gaylord G. Ventura (C). Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (5): William Anninger (I), Shawn L. Benson (C), and Karen A. Karp (C). Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of Arizona, Tucson (5): Jordana M. Smith (I) and Jill Brickman-Kelleher (C). The Eye Specialists Center LLC, Chicago Ridge, Illinois (4): Benjamin H. Ticho (I) and Alexander J. Khammar (I), and Deborah A. Clausius (C). Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (4): Suqin Guo (I). University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (4): Donny Suh (I) and Carolyn Chamberlain (C). Associated Eye Care, St Paul, Minnesota (4): Susan Schloff (I). Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC (4): William P. Madigan (I) and Donna Burkman (C). Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (3): Stephen P. Christiansen (I), Jean E. Ramsey (I), and Kate H. McConnell (C). Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York (3): Ilana Friedman (I) and Jose Rosado (C). Eye Surgical Associates, Lincoln, Nebraska (3): Donald P. Sauberan (I) and Jody C. Hemberger (C). Progressive Eye Care, Lisle, Illinois (3): Patricia L. Davis (I) and Indre Rudaitis (I). Arkansas Children’s Hospital and University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock (3): Robert S. Lowery (I) and Shawn Cupit (C). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (3): Jonathan M. Holmes (I), Brian G. Mohney (I), Suzanne M. Wernimont (C), and Rebecca A. Nielsen (C). Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington (3): Erin P. Herlihy (I), Francine Baran (I), and Amy Gladstone (C). Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Boston, Massachusetts (2): Justin Smith (I), Mei Mellott (I), and Troy Kieser (C). Eye Care Associates Inc, Poland, Ohio (2): S. Ayse Erzurum (I),and Beth Colon (C). The Eye Specialists Center LLC, Munster, Indiana (1): Birva Shah (I) and Micaela Quebbemann (C).
Disclaimer: This study was conducted under an Investigational Device Exemption from the US Food and Drug Administration.
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