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Cardiothoracic Surgery

Asymptomatic Degenerative Mitral RegurgitationA Review

Educational Objective To review the pathophysiology and management of severe degenerative mitral regurgitation.
1 Credit CME
JAMA Cardiology
March 1, 2020
Review
Nir Flint, MD1,2;
Matthias Raschpichler, MD1,3;
Florian Rader, MD, MSc1;
Hezzy Shmueli, MD1,2;
Robert J. Siegel, MD1
Author Affiliations
  • 1Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
  • 2Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
  • 3University Clinic of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract

Importance  Most patients with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) are likely to require surgery, but years can pass until there is a clear indication for it. The timing of mitral valve surgery for asymptomatic patients with severe DMR is controversial, and current guidelines are limited because they are based on nonrandomized studies and expert opinion.

Observations  In this narrative review, a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction and an increase in left ventricular end-systolic diameter are adverse signs in the context of mitral regurgitation. Consequently, serial echocardiography is essential. However, measurements may be imprecise, and the evidence regarding the association with outcome in asymptomatic patients is inconsistent. Mitral valve repair is the preferred surgical approach; however, repair rate, durability, and outcomes vary between centers, rendering decision-making in an asymptomatic patient with DMR even more challenging. The use of natriuretic peptides, stress testing, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and myocardial strain imaging can aid in risk stratification and optimization of the timing of mitral valve surgery in an asymptomatic patient.

Conclusions and Relevance  Management of asymptomatic patients with DMR requires a comprehensive approach that goes beyond the guidelines. Close follow-up and the use of multiple modalities are recommended. Knowledge of surgical options, experience, and outcomes is important when an intervention is considered.

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Valvular Heart Disease Cardiology Cardiothoracic Surgery Surgery
Article Information

Accepted for Publication: November 13, 2019.

Corresponding Author: Robert J. Siegel, MD, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Room A3600, Los Angeles, CA 90048 (robert.siegel@cshs.org).

Published Online: January 29, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.5466

Author Contributions: Drs Flint and Siegel had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Concept and design: Flint, Raschpichler, Rader, Siegel.

Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Flint, Shmueli.

Drafting of the manuscript: Flint, Raschpichler, Siegel.

Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Flint, Raschpichler, Rader, Shmueli.

Administrative, technical, or material support: Flint, Shmueli.

Supervision: Rader, Siegel.

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Rader reported receiving personal fees from ReCor Medical. No other disclosures were reported.

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