Published Online: March 13, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994
Correction: This article was corrected on May 11, 2020, to fix data errors and correct units of measure used in the Results section and Tables 2, 3, and 4.
Accepted for Publication: March 3, 2020.
Corresponding Authors: Yuanlin Song, MD, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai 200032, China (ylsong70_02@163.com); Junhua Zheng, MD, Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 85 Wujin Rd, Shanghai 200080, China (zhengjh0471@sina.com).
Author Contributions: Drs Song and Zheng had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Drs Wu, X. Chen, Cai, and Xia contributed equally and share first authorship. Drs Song and Zheng contributed equally to the study.
Study concept and design: Wu, X. Chen, Cai, Xia, Zheng, Y. Song.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: X. Chen, Xing Zhou, S. Xu, Huang, L. Zhang, Xia Zhou, Du, Y. Zhang, J. Song, Wang, Chao, Yang, J. Xu, Xin Zhou, D. Chen, Xiong, L. Xu, F. Zhou, Jiang, Bai.
Drafting of the manuscript: X. Chen, Xia, Xing Zhou, S. Xu, Huang, L. Zhang, Xia Zhou, Du, Y. Zhang, J. Song, Wang, Chao, Yang, J. Xu, Xin Zhou, D. Chen, Xiong, L. Xu, F. Zhou, Jiang, Bai.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Wu, X. Chen, Cai, Xia, Du, Zheng, Y. Song.
Statistical analysis: X. Chen, Y. Song.
Obtained funding: Wu, Zheng, Y. Song.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Cai, Xia, Xing Zhou, S. Xu, Huang, L. Zhang, Xia Zhou, Yang, J. Xu, Xin Zhou, D. Chen, Xiong, L. Xu, F. Zhou, Jiang, Bai, Zheng, Y. Song.
Study supervision: Zheng, Y. Song.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.
Funding/Support: This study was supported by a grant from Prevention and Treatment of Infection in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Patients from the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (to Dr Yuanlin Song), the Special Fund of Shanghai Jiaotong University for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Control and Prevention (2020RK47 to Dr Junhua Zheng), and Academic Leader of Shanghai Qingpu District Healthcare Commission (WD2019-36 to Dr Chaomin Wu).
Role of the Funder/Sponsor The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Additional Contributions: We thank Weibing Wang, PhD, from the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University; Yan Liu, MD, and Hongcai Shang, PhD, from Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Xiaojia Huang, PhD, from the Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University; and Yaohui Li, MD, from Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University for their statistical analysis discussion. We also thank Dongni Hou, MD, Sucheng Mu, MD, Donghui Zhang, MD, and Ke Lang, BD, from Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University for their data collection. They were not compensated for their contributions.
5.Wang
D , Hu
B , Hu
C ,
et al Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China.
JAMA. Published online February 7, 2020. doi:
10.1001/jama.2020.1585Google Scholar 8.Schell-Chaple
HM , Puntillo
KA , Matthay
MA , Liu
KD ; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Body temperature and mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Am J Crit Care. 2015;24(1):15-23. doi:
10.4037/ajcc2015320PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 12.Ng
DL , Al Hosani
F , Keating
MK ,
et al. Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings of a fatal case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the United Arab Emirates, April 2014.
Am J Pathol. 2016;186(3):652-658. doi:
10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.10.024PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 13.Min
CK , Cheon
S , Ha
NY ,
et al. Comparative and kinetic analysis of viral shedding and immunological responses in MERS patients representing a broad spectrum of disease severity.
Sci Rep. 2016;6:25359. doi:
10.1038/srep25359PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 18.Hoffmann
M , Kleine-Weber
H , Krüger
N , Müller
M , Drosten
C , Pöhlmann
S. The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-coronavirus receptor 2 ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells. Preprint. Posted online January 31, 2020. bioRxiv. doi:
10.1101/2020.01.31.929042 20.Li
T , Qiu
Z , Zhang
L ,
et al. Significant changes of peripheral T lymphocyte subsets in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome.
J Infect Dis. 2004;189(4):648-651. doi:
10.1086/381535PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 21.Cui
W , Fan
Y , Wu
W , Zhang
F , Wang
JY , Ni
AP . Expression of lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37(6):857-859. doi:
10.1086/378587PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 23.Zhao
J , Zhao
J , Perlman
S . T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice.
J Virol. 2010;84(18):9318-9325. doi:
10.1128/JVI.01049-10PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref