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Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)A Review

Educational Objective
To review the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
1 Credit CME
JAMA
May 12, 2020
Review
James M. Sanders, PhD, PharmD1,2; Marguerite L. Monogue, PharmD1,2; Tomasz Z. Jodlowski, PharmD3; et al James B. Cutrell, MD2 Author Affiliations
  • 1Department of Pharmacy, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
  • 2Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
  • 3Pharmacy Service, VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas
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Abstract

Importance  The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents an unprecedented challenge to identify effective drugs for prevention and treatment. Given the rapid pace of scientific discovery and clinical data generated by the large number of people rapidly infected by SARS-CoV-2, clinicians need accurate evidence regarding effective medical treatments for this infection.

Observations  No proven effective therapies for this virus currently exist. The rapidly expanding knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 virology provides a significant number of potential drug targets. The most promising therapy is remdesivir. Remdesivir has potent in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, but it is not US Food and Drug Administration approved and currently is being tested in ongoing randomized trials. Oseltamivir has not been shown to have efficacy, and corticosteroids are currently not recommended. Current clinical evidence does not support stopping angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with COVID-19.

Conclusions and Relevance  The COVID-19 pandemic represents the greatest global public health crisis of this generation and, potentially, since the pandemic influenza outbreak of 1918. The speed and volume of clinical trials launched to investigate potential therapies for COVID-19 highlight both the need and capability to produce high-quality evidence even in the middle of a pandemic. No therapies have been shown effective to date.

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Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Infectious Diseases Pulmonary Medicine Coronavirus (COVID19)
Article Information

Corresponding Author: James B. Cutrell, MD, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9113 (james.cutrell@utsouthwestern.edu).

Accepted for Publication: April 3, 2020.

Published Online: April 13, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6019

Author Contributions: Dr Cutrell had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Concept and design: All authors.

Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Monogue, Jodlowski, Cutrell.

Drafting of the manuscript: All authors.

Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Monogue, Jodlowski, Cutrell.

Administrative, technical, or material support: Cutrell.

Supervision: Cutrell.

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Cutrell reported receiving nonfinancial support from Regeneron and Gilead outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.

Additional Contributions: We acknowledge our infectious disease physician and pharmacy colleagues at UT Southwestern and its respective hospital sites, Clements University Hospital, Parkland Hospital, and the VA North Texas Health Care System for their thoughtful discussions regarding COVID-19 clinical management.

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