Corresponding Author: Jianxing He, MD, PhD (drjianxing.he@gmail.com), and Nan-Shan Zhong, MD, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health (nanshan@vip.163.com), China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
Accepted for Publication: April 20, 2020.
Published Online: May 12, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2033
Author Contributions: Drs W. Liang and He had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Drs W. Liang, H. Liang, Ou, B. Chen, A. Chen, and C. Li are joint first authors.
Concept and design: W. Liang, H. Liang, A. Chen, Xu, G. Chen, H. Guo, Zhang, Zhong, He.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: W. Liang, Ou, B. Chen, C. Li, Y. Li, Guan, Sang, Lu, Xu, J. Guo, Z. Chen, Zhao, S. Li, Zhang, Zhong.
Drafting of the manuscript: W. Liang, H. Liang, B. Chen, C. Li, G. Chen, Zhao, Zhong, He.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: W. Liang, Ou, A. Chen, Y. Li, Guan, Sang, Lu, Xu, H. Guo, J. Guo, Z. Chen, S. Li, Zhang, Zhong.
Statistical analysis: W. Liang, H. Liang, Ou, B. Chen, H. Guo, Z. Chen, He.
Obtained funding: W. Liang, A. Chen, Xu.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Y. Li, G. Chen, J. Guo, Z. Chen, S. Li, Zhong.
Supervision: Sang, Lu, Zhang, Zhong.
Other - Construction of the online calculator: B. Chen.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.
Funding/Support: This study is supported by China National Science Foundation (Grant No. 81871893), Key Project of Guangzhou Scientific Research Project (Grant No. 201804020030), High-level university construction project of Guangzhou medical university (Grant No. 20182737, 201721007, 201715907, 2017160107); National key R & D Program (Grant No. 2017YFC0907903 & 2017YFC0112704) and the Guangdong high level hospital construction “reaching peak” plan.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funding organizations had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
The China Medical Treatment Expert Group for COVID-19: Zong-jiu Zhang, MD, Ya-hui Jiao, MD, Bin Du, MD, Xin-qiang Gao, MD and Tao Wei, MD (National Health Commission), Yu-fei Duan, MD and Zhi-ling Zhao, MD (Health Commission of Guangdong Province), Yi-min Li, MD, Zi-jing Liang, MD, Nuo-fu Zhang, MD, Shi-yue Li, MD, Qing-hui Huang, MD, Wen-xi Huang, MD, and Ming Li, MD (Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health), Zheng Chen, MD, Dong Han, MD, Li Li, MD, Zheng Chen, MD, Zhi-ying Zhan, MD, Jin-jian Chen, MD, Li-jun Xu, MD, Xiao-han Xu, MD (State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University); Li-qiang Wang, MD, Wei-peng Cai, MD, Zi-sheng Chen, MD (the sixth affiliated hospital of Guangzhou medical university), Chang-xing Ou, MD, Xiao-min Peng, MD, Si-ni Cui, MD, Yuan Wang, MD, Mou Zeng, MD, Xin Hao, MD, Qi-hua He, MD, Jing-pei Li, MD, Xu-kai Li, MD, Wei Wang, MD, Li-min Ou, MD, Ya-lei Zhang, MD, Jing-wei Liu, MD, Xin-guo Xiong, MD, Wei-juna Shi, MD, San-mei Yu, MD, Run-dong Qin, MD, Si-yang Yao, MD, Bo-meng Zhang, MD, Xiao-hong Xie, MD, Zhan-hong Xie, MD, Wan-di Wang, MD, Xiao-xian Zhang, MD, Hui-yin Xu, MD, Zi-qing Zhou, MD, Ying Jiang, MD, Ni Liu, MD, Jing-jing Yuan, MD, Zheng Zhu, MD, Jie-xia Zhang, MD, Hong-hao Li, MD, Wei-hua Huang, MD, Lu-lin Wang, MD, Jie-ying Li, MD, Li-fen Gao, MD, Jia-bo Gao, MD, Cai-chen Li, MD, Xue-wei Chen, MD, Jia-bo Gao, MD, Ming-shan Xue, MD, Shou-xie Huang, MD, Jia-man Tang, MD, Wei-li Gu, MD, Jin-lin Wang, MD (Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health).
Acknowledgement: Special thanks to Ling Sang, MD, supporting Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital; Yuan-da Xu, MD, supporting Wuhan Union Hospital; Ai-lan Chen MD, supporting Wuhan Hankou Hospital; Guo-qiang Chen, MD, and Hai-yan Guo, MD, Foshan Hospital; and Jun Guo, MD, Daye Hospital; and the China Medical Treatment Expert Group for COVID-19 for providing validation data. See further acknowledgements in the eAppendix in the Supplement.
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