Accepted for Publication: February 28, 2020.
Corresponding Author: Karl G. Hill, PhD, Program on Problem Behavior and Positive Youth Development, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, 483 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0483 (karl.hill@colorado.edu).
Published Online: June 8, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1310
Author Contributions: Dr Hill had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Hill, Bailey, Hawkins, Catalano, Kosterman, Epstein, Abbott.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Hill, Bailey, Steeger, Hawkins, Epstein, Abbott.
Drafting of the manuscript: Hill, Steeger, Abbott.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Hill, Bailey, Steeger, Hawkins, Catalano, Kosterman, Epstein.
Statistical analysis: Hill, Bailey, Abbott.
Obtained funding: Hill, Hawkins, Abbott.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Hill, Bailey, Catalano, Kosterman.
Supervision: Hill, Hawkins, Catalano.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Catalano is a former board member of Channing Bete Company, distributor of Guiding Good Choices. This program was one component tested in the study that produced the dataset used in this article. Dr Catalano also reported grants from National Institute on Drug Abuse during the conduct of the study and a patent to copyright and trademark, issued. Dr Hill reported grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse during the conduct of the study. Dr Kosterman reported grants from National Institute on Drug Abuse during the conduct of the study. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This study was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (grants R01DA12138, R01DA023089, R01DA033956, and R01DA09679).
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Additional Contributions: We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of participating families, as well as the Social Development Research Group Survey Research Division for their data collection efforts.
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