Corresponding Author: Brendan Saloner, PhD, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway, Room 344, Baltimore, MD 21205 (bsaloner@jhu.edu).
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Saloner reported receiving personal fees from the University of Wisconsin and the Cambridge Health Alliance. Ms DiLaura reported receiving personal fees from Bloomberg Law. No other disclosures were reported.
Published Online: July 8, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12528
Author Contributions: Mr Parish and Ms Ward had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Saloner, Parish, Ward.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.
Drafting of the manuscript: Saloner, Parish, Ward, DiLaura.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Saloner, Parish, Ward.
Obtained funding: Dolovich.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Parish, Ward, Dolovich.
Supervision: Saloner, Parish, Dolovich.
Additonal Contributions: We acknowledge assistance from Nicholas Bell, MA (University of Pennsylvania), who provided uncompensated technical assistance.