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Obesity and Hypertension in the Time of COVID-19

Educational Objective
To understand how COVID-19 is affecting obesity and hypertension
1 Credit CME

In this issue of JAMA, 2 reports1,2 present cross-sectional data on the prevalence and trends for obesity and controlled hypertension from 1999 through 2018 based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a federal program of nationally representative surveys designed to monitor the health and nutrition of adults and children in the US.3

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Article Information

Corresponding Author: Griffin P. Rodgers, MD, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 (griffinr@extra.niddk.nih.gov).

Published Online: September 9, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.16753

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

References
1.
Ogden  CL , Fryar  CD , Martin  CB ,  et al.  Trends in obesity prevalence by race and Hispanic origin—1999-2000 to 2017-2018.   JAMA. Published online August 28, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14590Google Scholar
2.
Muntner  P , Hardy  ST , Fine  LJ ,  et al.  Trends in blood pressure control among US adults with hypertension, 1999-2000 to 2017-2018.   JAMA. Published online September 9, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14545Google Scholar
3.
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Accessed August 26, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/about_nhanes.htm
4.
Malhotra  R , Nguyen  HA , Benavente  O ,  et al.  Association between more intensive vs less intensive blood pressure lowering and risk of mortality in chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 5: a systematic review and meta-analysis.   JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177(10):1498-1505. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.4377PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
5.
Jensen  MD , Ryan  DH , Apovian  CM ,  et al; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; Obesity Society.  2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Obesity Society.   Circulation. 2014;129(25)(suppl 2):S102-S138. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437739.71477.eePubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
6.
Linder  BL , Fradkin  JE , Rodgers  GP .  The TODAY study: an NIH perspective on its implications for research.   Diabetes Care. 2013;36(6):1775-1776. doi:10.2337/dc13-0707 PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
7.
Sidney  S , Quesenberry  CP  Jr , Jaffe  MG ,  et al.  Recent trends in cardiovascular mortality in the United States and public health goals.   JAMA Cardiol. 2016;1(5):594-599. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2016.1326PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
8.
Schultz  WM , Kelli  HM , Lisko  JC ,  et al.  Socioeconomic status and cardiovascular outcomes: challenges and interventions.   Circulation. 2018;137(20):2166-2178. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029652PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
9.
Hales  CM , Fryar  CD , Carroll  MD , Freedman  DS , Aoki  Y , Ogden  CL .  Differences in obesity prevalence by demographic characteristics and urbanization level among adults in the United States, 2013-2016.   JAMA. 2018;319(23):2419-2429. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7270PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
10.
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): people with certain medical conditions. Accessed August 26, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html
11.
Webb Hooper  M , Nápoles  AM , Pérez-Stable  EJ .  COVID-19 and racial/ethnic disparities.   JAMA. 2020;323(24):2466-2467. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8598PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
12.
Metzl  JM , Maybank  A , De Maio  F .  Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic: the need for a structurally competent health care system.   JAMA. 2020;324(3):231-232. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.9289PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
13.
Suglia  SF , Campo  RA , Brown  AGM ,  et al.  Social determinants of cardiovascular health: early life adversity as a contributor to disparities in cardiovascular diseases.   J Pediatr. 2020;219:267-273. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.12.063PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
14.
Roberts  BT , Rodgers  GP .  NIDDK initiatives addressing health disparities in chronic diseases.   J Clin Invest. Published online August 24, 2020. doi:10.1172/JCI14153 PubMedGoogle Scholar
15.
Mensah  GA , Cooper  RS , Siega-Riz  AM ,  et al.  Reducing cardiovascular disparities through community-engaged implementation research: a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop report.   Circ Res. 2018;122(2):213-230. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.312243PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
16.
Marmot  M , Allen  JJ .  Social determinants of health equity.   Am J Public Health. 2014;104(suppl 4):S517-S519. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302200PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
17.
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. NHLBI trans-omics for precision medicine. Accessed August 26, 2020. https://www.nhlbiwgs.org/
18.
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. NHLBI BioData Catalyst. Accessed August 26, 2020. https://biodatacatalyst.nhlbi.nih.gov/
19.
Rodgers  GP , Collins  FS .  Precision nutrition—the answer to “what to eat to stay healthy”.   JAMA. 2020;324(8):735-736. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.13601PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
20.
National Institutes of Health. Notice of special interest (NOSI): digital healthcare interventions to address the secondary health effects related to social, behavioral, and economic impact of COVID-19. Accessed August 26, 2020. https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not-mh-20-053.html
21.
National Institutes of Health. Request for information: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) strategic plan. Accessed August 26, 2020. https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-DK-20-015.html
22.
US Department of Health and Human Services, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Charting the future together: the NHLBI strategic vision. Accessed August 26, 2020. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2017-11/NHLBI-Strategic-Vision-2016_FF.pdf
23.
National Institutes of Health. Advisory Committee to the Director Working Group on Diversity: 2018 recommendations. Accessed August 26, 2020. https://acd.od.nih.gov/documents/presentations/acd-wgd-report-2018.pdf
AMA CME Accreditation Information

Credit Designation Statement: The American Medical Association designates this Journal-based CME activity activity for a maximum of 1.00  AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to:

  • 1.00 Medical Knowledge MOC points in the American Board of Internal Medicine's (ABIM) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program;;
  • 1.00 Self-Assessment points in the American Board of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery’s (ABOHNS) Continuing Certification program;
  • 1.00 MOC points in the American Board of Pediatrics’ (ABP) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program;
  • 1.00 Lifelong Learning points in the American Board of Pathology’s (ABPath) Continuing Certification program; and
  • 1.00 CME points in the American Board of Surgery’s (ABS) Continuing Certification program

It is the CME activity provider's responsibility to submit participant completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting MOC credit.

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