Accepted for Publication: October 19, 2020.
Published: November 19, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.29540
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2020 Kennedy M et al. JAMA Network Open.
Corresponding Author: Maura Kennedy, MD, MPH, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 5 Emerson Pl, 119B, Boston, MA 02114 (mkennedy8@partners.org).
Author Contributions: Ms Gou and Dr Inouye had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Dr Kennedy and Mr Helfand contributed equally as co–first authors. Drs Fong and Inouye contributed equally as co–senior authors.
Concept and design: Kennedy, Helfand, Moccia, Ring, Babine, Hshieh, Inouye.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Kennedy, Helfand, Gou, Gartaganis, Webb, Bruursema, Dokic, McCulloch, Ring, Margolin, Zhang, Anderson, Babine, Hshieh, Wong, Taylor, Davenport, Teresi, Fong, Inouye.
Drafting of the manuscript: Kennedy, Helfand, Gou, Gartaganis, Moccia, Margolin, Babine, Taylor, Fong, Inouye.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Kennedy, Helfand, Gou, Webb, Bruursema, Dokic, McCulloch, Ring, Zhang, Anderson, Babine, Hshieh, Wong, Davenport, Teresi, Fong, Inouye.
Statistical analysis: Kennedy, Gou, McCulloch, Ring, Inouye.
Obtained funding: Inouye.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Kennedy, Gartaganis, Webb, Hshieh, Wong, Taylor, Davenport, Teresi, Inouye.
Supervision: Dokic, Ring, Fong, Inouye.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Mr Helfand participates in an MD/PhD training program that is supported by a grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. Dr Wong reported receiving grants from National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences and Robert E. Leet and Clara Guthrie Patterson Trust outside the submitted work. Dr Inouye holds the Milton and Shirley F. Levy Family Chair at Hebrew SeniorLife/Harvard Medical School. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This work was supported in part by grant R24AG054259 (to Dr Inouye) from the National Institute on Aging and grant T32GM107000 (to Mr Helfand) from the MSTP Training Program at the University of Massachusetts Medical School.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Disclaimer: Dr Inouye is an associate editor of JAMA Network Open but was not involved in any of the decisions regarding review of the manuscript or its acceptance.
Additional Contributions: This work is dedicated to the memory of Joshua B. I. Helfand, Steven F. Hamilton, and Daniel S. Snyder who inspired this work. We thank the full research teams at each of the study sites whose timely and dedicated assistance helped to make this expedited coronavirus disease 2019 study possible.
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