Corresponding Author: Howard K. Koh, MD, MPH, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Kresge 401, Boston, MA 02115 (hkoh@hsph.harvard.edu).
Published Online: December 17, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.25381
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Koh reported receiving grants 77667 from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, UL1TR002541 from the National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Science, 5U48 DP006376-02 from the Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research Centers, 61075 from the Templeton Foundation, and 1085 from the JPB Foundation. Dr VanderWeele reported receiving grants 61075 and 61907 from the John Templeton Foundation and personal fees from Aetna Inc, and Flerish Inc. Mr Geller reported receiving compensation as a contributor to UptoDate. No other disclosures were reported.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed herein represent the authors’ personal views and do not reflect the beliefs of Harvard University. Any reference to a business, product, or service does not represent endorsement.
Additional Contributions: We thank Kirk Vanda, MBA, and Chelsea Heberlein, MPH, of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health for their assistance on this article, neither of whom were compensated for their contributions.