Accepted for Publication: November 23, 2020.
Published: January 4, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.33484
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2021 Kravitz-Wirtz N et al. JAMA Network Open.
Corresponding Author: Nicole Kravitz-Wirtz, PhD, MPH, University of California Firearm Violence Research Center and Violence Prevention Research Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 2315 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817 (nkravitzwirtz@ucdavis.edu).
Author Contributions: Dr Kravitz-Wirtz had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Kravitz-Wirtz, Aubel, Pallin, Wintemute.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.
Drafting of the manuscript: Kravitz-Wirtz, Aubel.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Kravitz-Wirtz, Aubel, Schleimer.
Obtained funding: Wintemute.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Aubel, Pallin, Wintemute.
Supervision: Kravitz-Wirtz, Wintemute.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.
Funding/Support: This research was supported by the University of California Firearm Violence Research Center, the California Wellness Foundation (award No. 2017-0447), and the Heising-Simons Foundation (award No. 2019-1728).
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.