Corresponding Author: Jiwei Wang, PhD, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.130, Dong’an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China 200030 (jiweiwang@fudan.edu.cn).
Accepted for Publication: July 29, 2020.
Published Online: January 19, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.5499
Author Contributions: Drs Jiang and J. Wang had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Drs Li and Zhang contributed equally.
Concept and design: Li, J. Wang, Ozaki, Jiang.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Li, Zhang, J. Wang, Q. Wang, Chen, Jiang.
Drafting of the manuscript: Li, Zhang, J. Wang, Jiang.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Li, Zhang, J. Wang.
Obtained funding: J. Wang.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Li, J. Wang, Jiang.
Supervision: J. Wang, Jiang.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Drs Ozaki receives personal fees from the Medical Network Systems (MNES) outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This study was supported by the Shanghai Health and Planning Commission’s fourth round of public health 3-year action plan (project 15GWZK1001) and the Independent Innovation Research Foundation of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Humanities and Social Sciences) (project 2017WKYXQY009).
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Additional Contributions: We thank Jinming Yu, PhD (School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China), for assistance in the original study design. We would like to acknowledge assistance from Tetsuya Tanimoto, MD (Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan), Yasuhiro Kotera, MA (University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby, United Kingdom), and Toyoaki Sawano, MD (Sendai City Medical Center, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-0824, Japan), in writing and revising the manuscript. These individuals were not compensated.
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