Corresponding Author: Adrienne G. Randolph, MD, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Bader 634, Boston, MA 02115 (adrienne.randolph@childrens.harvard.edu).
Accepted for Publication: February 8, 2021.
Published Online: February 24, 2021. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.2091
Author Contributions: Dr Patel had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Drs Feldstein, Tenforde, and Friedman contributed equally, as did Drs Patel, Newburger, and Randolph.
Concept and design: Feldstein, Li, Walker, Hobbs, Halasa, Doymaz, Horwitz, Patel, Randolph.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Feldstein, Tenforde, Friedman, Newhams, Rose, Dapul, Soma, Maddux, Mourani, Bowens, Maamari, Hall, Riggs, Giuliano, Singh, Li, Kong, Schuster, McLaughlin, Schwartz, Loftis, Hobbs, Halasa, Babbitt, Hume, Gertz, Irby, Clouser, Cvijanovich, Bradford, Smith, Heidemann, Zackai, Wellnitz, Nofziger, Horwitz, Carroll, Rowan, Tarquinio, Mack, Fitzgerald, Coates, Jackson, Young, Son, Patel, Newburger, Randolph.
Drafting of the manuscript: Feldstein, Tenforde, Friedman, Rose, Doymaz, Jackson, Young, Patel, Newburger, Randolph.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Feldstein, Tenforde, Friedman, Newhams, Dapul, Soma, Maddux, Mourani, Bowens, Maamari, Hall, Riggs, Giuliano, Singh, Li, Kong, Schuster, McLaughlin, Schwartz, Walker, Loftis, Hobbs, Halasa, Doymaz, Babbitt, Hume, Gertz, Irby, Clouser, Cvijanovich, Bradford, Smith, Heidemann, Zackai, Wellnitz, Nofziger, Horwitz, Carroll, Rowan, Tarquinio, Mack, Fitzgerald, Coates, Son, Patel, Newburger, Randolph.
Statistical analysis: Feldstein, Tenforde, Rose, Giuliano, Zackai, Jackson, Young, Randolph.
Obtained funding: Patel, Randolph.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Feldstein, Tenforde, Newhams, Rose, Dapul, Maamari, Hall, Riggs, Kong, McLaughlin, Schwartz, Loftis, Hobbs, Doymaz, Babbitt, Hume, Gertz, Irby, Bradford, Zackai, Wellnitz, Carroll, Fitzgerald, Coates, Son, Randolph.
Supervision: Feldstein, Friedman, Newhams, Singh, Hobbs, Cvijanovich, Horwitz, Carroll, Coates, Patel, Randolph.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Maddux reported receiving grants from National Institutes of Health (NIH) (K23HD096018) and Francis Family Foundation (Parker B. Francis Fellowship) during the conduct of the study. Dr Mourani reported receiving grants from the NIH. Dr Hall reported receiving personal fees from LaJolla Pharmaceuticals for service on a data safety and monitoring board outside the submitted work. Dr Schuster reported receiving grants from Merck outside the submitted work. Dr Halasa reported receiving grants from Sanofi, Quindell, and Quidel; personal fees from Genentech (educational grant); and hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization testing and vaccine donation from Sanofi outside the submitted work. Dr Cvijanovich reported receiving grants from Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center outside the submitted work. Dr Rowan reported receiving grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23HL150244-01A1) outside the submitted work. Dr Fitzgerald reported receiving grants from an NIH career development award outside the submitted work. Dr Newburger reported serving as chair of events adjudication committee for a trial on apixaban in children for Pfizer and Bristol-Myers Squibb, as chair of events adjudication committee for a trial of Entresto in children for Novartis, and as a steering committee member for a trial of endoxaban for Daiichi-Sankyo outside the submitted work. Dr Randolph reported receiving royalties from UpToDate and personal fees from LaJolla Pharma Inc outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This study was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) under a contract to Boston Children’s Hospital.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The CDC designed and conducted the study; collected, managed, analyzed, and interpreted the data; prepared, reviewed, and approved the manuscript; and had a role in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication and journal choice, and had the right to veto publication.
Group Information: The Overcoming COVID-19 Investigators are listed in the eAppendix in the Supplement.
Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC.
Additional Contributions: We appreciate and thank the many research coordinators at the Overcoming COVID-19 hospitals who assisted in data collection for this study. We thank the leadership of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigator’s (PALISI) Network for their ongoing support.
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