[Skip to Content]

Claim CME

Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Association of Convalescent Plasma Treatment With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Educational Objective
To identify the key insights or developments described in this article

1 Credit CME

JAMA

Published Online: February 26, 2021

Original Investigation

Article Information and Disclosures

Perrine Janiaud, PhD¹;

Cathrine Axfors, MD, PhD^2,3;

Andreas M. Schmitt, MD^1,4;

et al

Viktoria Gloy, PhD¹;

Fahim Ebrahimi, MD, MSc⁵;

Matthias Hepprich, MD^6,7;

Emily R. Smith, ScD, MPH⁸;

Noah A. Haber, ScD²;

Nina Khanna, MD⁹;

David Moher, PhD¹⁰;

Steven N. Goodman, MD, PhD^2,11,12;

John P. A. Ioannidis, MD, DSc^{2,11,12,13,14,15};

Lars G. Hemkens, MD, MPH^1,2,15

Author Affiliations

¹Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
²Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California
³Department for Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
⁴Department of Medical Oncology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
⁵Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
⁶Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
⁷Clinic of Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Cantonal Hospital Olten, Olten, Switzerland
⁸Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
⁹Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene and Infection Biology Laboratory, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
¹⁰Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
¹¹Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
¹²Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
¹³Department of Biomedical Data Science, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
¹⁴Department of Statistics, School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
¹⁵Meta-Research Innovation Center Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

Read article on JAMA Network

Preliminary Communication

Treatment of Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma

Chenguang Shen, PhD; Zhaoqin Wang, PhD; Fang Zhao, PhD; Yang Yang, MD; Jinxiu Li, MD; Jing Yuan, MD; Fuxiang Wang, MD; Delin Li, PhD; Minghui Yang, PhD; Li Xing, MM; Jinli Wei, MM; Haixia Xiao, PhD; Yan Yang, MM; Jiuxin Qu, MD; Ling Qing, MM; Li Chen, MD; Zhixiang Xu, MM; Ling Peng, MM; Yanjie Li, MM; Haixia Zheng, MM; Feng Chen, MM; Kun Huang, MM; Yujing Jiang, MM; Dongjing Liu, MD; Zheng Zhang, MD; Yingxia Liu, MD; Lei Liu, MD
Medical News & Perspectives

Testing an Old Therapy Against a New Disease: Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19

Rita Rubin, MA
Original Investigation

Convalescent Plasma Therapy and Clinical Improvement in Severe and Life-threatening COVID-19

Ling Li, MD, PhD; Wei Zhang, MD; Yu Hu, MD, PhD; Xunliang Tong, MD, PhD; Shangen Zheng, MD; Juntao Yang, PhD; Yujie Kong, MD; Lili Ren, PhD; Qing Wei, MD; Heng Mei, MD, PhD; Caiying Hu, MD; Cuihua Tao, MD; Ru Yang, MD; Jue Wang, MD; Yongpei Yu, PhD; Yong Guo, PhD; Xiaoxiong Wu, MD; Zhihua Xu, MD; Li Zeng, MD; Nian Xiong, MD, PhD; Lifeng Chen, MD; Juan Wang, MD; Ning Man, MD; Yu Liu, PhD; Haixia Xu, MD; E. Deng, MS; Xuejun Zhang, MS; Chenyue Li, MD; Conghui Wang, PhD; Shisheng Su, PhD; Linqi Zhang, PhD; Jianwei Wang, PhD; Yanyun Wu, MD, PhD; Zhong Liu, MD, PhD
JAMA Patient Page

Patient Information: Convalescent Plasma and COVID-19

Anurag N. Malani, MD; John P. Sherbeck, MD; Preeti N. Malani, MD, MSJ
Original Investigation

REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Randomized Clinical Trial

Writing Committee for the REMAP-CAP Investigators; Hesham Abdelhady; Marwa Abdelrazik; Zakee Abdi; David Abdo; Amina Abdulle; Lynn Abel; Shrefee Abouzeenni; Gail Abrahamson; Yousuf Abusamra; Lisa Adams; Olumide Adebambo; Debo Ademokun; Neill Adhikari; Dominic Affron; Anu Aggarwal; Ronan Agno; Humayun Ahmad; Norfaizan Ahmad; Sophia Ahmed; Kate Ainscough; James Ainsworth; Giulia Airoldi; Lindianne Aitken; Francis Ajeneye; Naim Akhtar; Olajide Akinwumiju; Manaf Al-Bayati; Martin Albert; Meera Alderman; Ana Alegria; Brian Alexander; Peter DG Alexander; Jordan Alfonso; Hoodo Ali; Sabira Ali; Allameddine Allameddine; Sheila Allan; Isabelle Allard; Barbara Allen; Beverley Allen; Jess Allen; Laura Allen; Louise Allen; Suzanne Allibone; Richard Ambrosino; Kenneth Amenyah; Mariam Ammoun; Rekha Anand; Sai Priya Anand; Kristen Andersen; Corinne Anderson; Kevin Anderson; Thomas Anderson; Mark Andreae; Susan Andrews; Gregory Andrikopoulos; Aisha Anjum; Matthew Anstey; Micheline Antar; David Antcliffe; Alpha Anthony; Pierre Antoine; Vikram Anumakonda; George Apostolides; Latha Aravindan; Gill Arbane; Emily Arbon; Simon Archer; Noah Aref; Ana-Marie Arias; Chantal Armali; Joel Armer-Ducker; Michelle Armstrong; Sylvia Armstrong-Fisher; John Arnold; Sarah Arnott; Andrea Arroyo; Valérie Arsenault; Diptesh Aryal; Adeeba Asghar; Glen Ashby; Deborah Asher; Ben Ashford; Suhail Ashgar; Murtaza Asif Ali; Angelique Aspinwall; Abigail Asquith; Tanya Atallah; Richard Athay-Hunt; Udara Attanayaka; Rita Atugonza; Michelle Aube; Marie-Christine Auclair; Karen Austin; Pauline Austin; Sidra Awan; Gina Bacon; Harleen Badhesha; Kavitha Bagavathy; Dawn Baglole; Clariza Bagnas; Catherine Bagot; Sean Bagshaw; Nadia Baig; Stephen Bailey; Kenneth Baillie; William Bain; Sanchia Baines; Aimi Baird; Charles Baker; Evelyn Baker; Penny Bakhtiari; Dhanalakshmi Bakthavatsalam; Morteza Balaie; Gagan Bali; Sonya Balkee; Amy Ballinger; Amy Bamford; Peter Bamford; Millie Banerjee; Lauren Banks; Jonathan Bannard-Smith; Nancy Banning; Bharat Bansal; Robert Banthorpe; Ian Barbash; Alex Barber; Russell Barber; Miriam Barbosa; Mercedes Barillas; Ryan Bariola; Gareth Barker; Nicky Barnes; Matthew Barnett; Nathaly Barnett; Rebecca Baron; Robert Bart; Jazz Bartholomew; Shauna Bartley; David Barton; Jan Barwell; Archana Bashyal; Kim Basile; Frances Bass; Christopher Bassford; Pavinder Bassi; Betsy Bassis; Ian Bateman; Michelle Bates; Samantha Bates; Donna Batty; Kris Bauchmuller; Peter Baughan; Lydia Baxter; Charlotte Baylem; Lee Bayliss; Madeleine Bayne; Eileen Bays; Renée Bazin; Gregory Beard; Kirk Beard; Richard Beasley; Lynette Beaudin; Julie Beaudoin; Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières; Seonaid Beddows; Caroline Bedford; Deborah Beer; Salma Begum; Jasmine Beharry; Xiao Bei Zhao; Nathalie Belec; Gillian Bell; Glenda Bell; Joshua Bell; David Bellemare; Fatna Benettaib; Ann Beninato; Mehdi Benlarbi; Alexander Bennett; Christopher Bennett; Carrie Bennett-Mills; Andrea Benoit; Jane Benstead; Dionne Bentley; Lauren Berg; Colin Bergin; Claudia Berscheid; Janis Best-Lane; Emily Bevan; Jeremy Bewley; Ashley Beyerl; Sanjay Bhagani; Khushpreet Bhandal; Simon Biddie; Jennifer Biemans,; Kelly Bignell; Shilesh Bihari; Maude Bilodeau; Carron Bilton; Martin J Binney; Alexandra Binnie; Julian Bion; Catherine Birch; Janine Birch; Kathrine Birchall; Isobel Birkinshaw; Raquel Bisa; Ethel Black; Bethany Blackledge; Stuart Blackmore; Annette Blackwell; Loraine Blackwood; Yvonne Bland; Mary Blanton; Jenny Blaxland; Donna Blofield; Margie Blom; Jasmin Board; Aneta Bociek; Sherin Bodh; Virginie Boisclair; Sam Bolton; Wayne Bolton; Hayley Bond; Stephen Bonner; Wendy Bonnert; Leigh Boorman; Catherine Booth; Barbara Borgatta; Cameron Borhani; Naomi Borkent; Rachel Borrell; Zoe Borrill; Mamu Boshir; Brandon Bouchard; Marie-Claude Boulanger; Dounia Boumahni; Catherine Bourassa; Michelle Bourne; Richard Bourne; Daniel Boutin; Marianne Boutin; Darren Bowen; James Bowen; Helen Bowler; Geoff Bowyer; Carmel Boyd; Craig Boyd; Maxine Boyd; Lucie Boyer; Rebecca Boyles; Gordana Bozovic; David Brack; Charlotte Brackstone; Rob Bradburn; Barry Bradley; Paul Bradley; Sarah Bradshaw; Jane Brailsford; Su Brailsford; Emily Brant; Angela Brazier; Pamela Bremmer; Morwenna Brend; Val Brennan; Stephen Brett; Chris Brewer; Kathy Brickell; Mark Briggs; Chris Brightling; Nicole Brillinger; Lutece Brimfield; Stéphanie Brisson; Terri Brittin; Laurent Brochard; Andrew Broderick; David Broggio; Farooq Brohi; Ceri Brookes; Nicole Brooks; Randy Broom; Marie Browett; Chloe Brown; Elizabeth Brown; Louise Brown; Mark Brown; Rachel Brown; Wayne Brown; Marie-Eve Brulotte; Emilie Brunet; Nigel Brunskill; Kayla Bryan-Morris; Julie Buchan; Alexis Buchanan; Kathleen Buckmire; Joanna Budd; Pierrette Bugden; Heidi Buhr; Lori Bullock; Vitor Buonavoglia; Annmarie Buoy; Dorota Burda; Paula Burgess; Jason Burkey; Rachel Burnish; Dean Burns; Karen Burns; Samuel Burns; Angela Busby; Hergen Buscher; Lesley Butler; Sophia Butt; Rahim Byrne; Eleanor Byworth; Louise Cabrelli; Leilani Cabreros; Tom Cairns; Moira Caldwell; Caroline Calfee; Lenka Cambalova; Sarah Cameron; Andrew Campbell; Debbie Campbell; Hilary Campbell; Karla Campbell; Lewis Campbell; Ryan Campbell; Josie Campisi; Sara Campos; Julie Camsooksai; Ana Canabarro; Elaine Carbonneau; Nuria Cardenas; Andrew Carlton; Rebecca Carnegie; Emily Carpenter; Lillian Carpio; Sarah Carr; François Martin Carrier; Marc Carrier; Samantha Carrington; Joanne Carr-Wilkinson; David Carter; Moira Carter; Steven Carter; Simon Carter-Graham; Carolyn Carveth-Marshall; Sherry Casali; Ruth Casey; Susanne Cathcart; Jill Caulfield; Alexandros Cavayas; Kathryn Cawley; Maurizio Cecconi; John Centofanti; Loku Chamara Warnapura; Éric Chamberland; Emma Chambers; Shreekant Champanerkar; Charles Chan; Michael Chan; Petrus Chan; Sunita Chand; Vikki Chandler-Vizard; Cherry Chang; Terry Channon; Marianne Chapman; Susan Chapman; Linda Chapple; Bethan Charles; Richard Charlewood; Andrew Charlton; Sally Charlton; Sam Charlton; Sarah Charnock; Vipul Chauhan; Rosanna Chavez; Maria Cheadle; Shiney Cherian; Suzanne Cherif; Betty Cheung; Emily Cheung; Manish Chhablani; Karen Chinn; Vashira Chiroma; Christian Choquet; Judy YC Chou; Fateha Chowdhury; Sri Chukkambotla; Jae Chung; Nick Ciccone; Rob Cimaglia; Emanuel Cirstea; Michele Clark; Richard Clark; Sarah Clark; Wendy Clark; Frances Clarke; Gwen Clarke; Heather Clarke; Mark Clarke; Sarah Clarke; Andrew Clarkson; Andrew Claxton; Ian Clement; Francesca Clemons; Gilles Clermont; Julie Cleverdon; Lee Clifford; Lynne Clifford; Alison Clinton; Ève Cloutier; Marc Cloutier; Tony Coates; Maeve Cockrell; Phoebe Coghlan; Connie Colavecchia; Carol Cole; Jade Cole; Julie Cole; Sue Cole; Jennifer Coles; Rebecca Coles; Dawn Collier; Emma Collins; Érin Collins; Joanne Collins; Matthew Collis; Mike Comery; Karen Connolly; Jason Connor; Samantha Conran; Pamela Conrod; Camilla Conway; Deborah Cook; Tim Cook; Jill Cooke; Soo Cooke; Alison Cooper; D. James Cooper; Joanne Cooper; Josh Cooper; Laura Cooper; Lauren Cooper; Emma Cooperwaite; Ele Corcoran; Shannon Cormick; Sarah Cornell; Mary Corriveau; Catherine Corry; Oliver Costerousse; Alice Cotton; Amanda Coutts; Ruth Cowburn; Nicholas Cowley; Debra Anne Cox; Mark Coyne; Beverley Crane; Leona Crane; Michelle Craner; Thomas H Craven; Adrian Crawford; Sarah Crawshaw; Ben Creagh-Brown; Ryan Creighton; Olaf Cremer; Nikki Crisp; Maria Croft; Ian Cron; Derrick Crook; Helen Croot; Mylene Crosby; Sarah Cross; Helen Crumley; Joanna Cudlipp; Oriela Cuevas; Donna Cullen; Marie Cundall; Debra Curley; Andrew Currie,; Abi Curtis; Becca Curtis; Rebecca Cusack; Brian Cuthbertson; Sean Cutler; Frédérick D’Aragon; Joana Da Rocha; Admad Daebis; Phil Daggett; Rana Daher; Line Daigle; Helen Dakers-Black; Jessica Daley; Nikki Dallas; James Dalton; Zoe Daly; Raj Damhar; Nick Daneman; Carol Daniels; Paul Dark; Karen Darling; Tace Darling; Sri Darshana; Antu Das; Jason Daugherty; Michelle Davey; Miriam Davey; Arlene David; Neil Davidson; Alison Davies; Cheryl Davies; Ellie Davies; Gwyneth Davies; James Davies; Jane Davies; Louisa Davies; Mark Davies; Michelle Davies; Rhys Davies; Alison Davis; Sophia Davison; Janice Dawe; Lisa Dawe; Laura Ann Dawson; Rosanne Dawson; Kim de Courcy-Golder; Dianne de Jong; Arnold De la Rosa; Angelique De Man; Mark De Neef; Bethan Deacon; Tessa Dean; Dylene Deans; Joy Dearden; Alison Deary; Sylvie Debigaré; William Dechert; Raji Dehulia; Lorenzo del Sorbo; Lisa Delaney; Sue Della Toffalo; Carrie Demetriou; Craig Denmade; Randle Derbyshire; Purav Desai; Jade Descôteaux-Dinelle; Kush Deshpande; Michelle Detry; Brendan Devine; Dana Devine; Trudy Devine; Bodine Dewitt; Jas Dhalliwal; Aman Dhesi; Pamela Diamond; Julie Dice; Stephen Digby; Julie Dijo; Kristina Dimitrova; Maria Dineen; Tri Dinh; Stephen Dixon-Mould; Patricia Doble; Jade Dobson; Ronan Doherty; Rozzie Dolman; Chenell Donadee; Kate Donaldson; Arjen M Dondrop; Clare Donegan; Heather Donkin; Sinead Donlon; Adrian Donnelly; Phil Donnison; Reece Doonan; Peter Doran; Amanda Dornan; Melissa Dougherty; Jan Douziech; Kerry Dowling; Philippa Downey; Cristina Dragomir; Chelsea Drake; Michael Drebot; Steven Drews; Nikki Drogman; Mathieu Drouin; Julian Druce; Andrew Drummond; Kay Drury; Hannah D'Silva; Brenda Du Plessis; Erick Duan; Stephen Duberley; Éric Ducas; Sam Duff-Miller; Eamon Duffy; Helen Duggan; Zoe Duke; Mick Duley; Joanne Duncan; Tracy Duncan; Deanne Dunphy; Mathilde Duplaix; Steve Durgacharan; Ahilanandan Dushianthan; Nathalie Dussault; Sarah Dyas; Kim East; Christine Eastgate; Caroline Eaton; Caroline Eaton-Howell; Simone Ebbinghaus; Daniel Ebner; Dave Edmondson; Alexandra Edwards; Tomos Edwards; Evelien Effelaar; Munzir Elhassan; Chris Elliott; Toby Elliott; Ann-Marie Ellis; Chiara Ellis; Christine Ellis; Kay Ellis; Yvette Ellis; Cathy Ellsworth; Einas Elmahi; Mohammed Elmi; Tarek Elsefi; Ayaa Eltayeb; Shane English; Ian Entino; Slava Epelman; Stephan Ermann; Alioska Escorcia; Helen Escreet; Andrew Evans; David Evans; Debra Evans; Michelle Evans; Ryan Evans; Tony Eve; Laura Fagan; Elizabeth Fagbodun; Pam Fairclough; Jonathan Falconer; Kelly Falle; Neda Farahi; Sarah Farnell-Ward; Maria Faulkner; Kelly Feane; James Feely-Henderson; Tim Felton; Gerard Fennessy; Bill Ferguson; Niall Ferguson; Stephanie Ferguson; Susan Ferguson; Maria Fernandez; Jaime Fernandez Roman; Gloria Fernando; Xiomara Ferndadez; Cindy Ferringer; Jessica Fesz; Cheryl Finch; Joanne Finden; Stephanie Finn; Andrés Finzi; Dani Fisher; Emily Fisher; Meadow Fisher Crisp; Christina Fitcher; Stephen Fitzgibbon; Elaine Fitzimmons; Meghan Fitzpatrick; Chloe Fitzpatrick-Creamer; Cathy Flatters; Simon Fletcher; Kelly Flynn; Sara Flynn; Evodian Fonyonga; Andrew Forbes; Loretta Forbes; Kathy Ford; Sara Ford; Elliot Forster; Kirsten Foster; Terrie Foster; Tracy Foster; Deirdre Fottrell-Gould; Angela Foulds; Dora Founkaneli; Marie-Josée Fournier; Rob Fowler; Claire Fox; Daniel Fox; Eleonore Fox; Glenda Fox; Yasin Fozdar; Charles Francoeur; Bruno Francois; Jason Frankcam; Claudia Frankfurter; Gayle Franklin; Darron Franks; Christopher Franz; Alasdair Frater; Matthew Free; Ian Freestone; Craig French; Christian Frey; Liesa Friedrich; Beth Frise; Matthew Frise; Jake Fryer; Jenny Fullthorpe; Charlene Furtado; Rose Gad; Hélène Gagné; Louis-Philipp Gagné; James Galea; Ashley Gallant; Koreena Gallant; Arunkumar Ganesan; Saibal Ganguly; Radhika Ganpat; Caroline Gardiner-Hill; Cindy Gardner; Jocelynn Gardner; Robert Garney; Hywel Garrard; William Garrard; Peter Garrett; Michael Garstka; Mark Garton; Simon Gates; David Gattas; Kim Gaudet; Amaury Gaussen; Jane Gaylard; Julie Gazmen; Alison Geddis; Minerva Gellamucho ; Lisa Gemmell; Gabrielle Gendron-Lepage; Wenli Geng; Chloe George; Marc Germain; Mehrdad Ghaffari; Ali Ghamraoui; Amardeep Ghattaoraya; Alison Ghosh; Andrew Gibb; Joel Gilchrist; Sean Gilchrist; Balkar Gill; Mandy Gill; Matt Gillespie; Kate Gilmour; Lorrie Giorgi; Sébastien Girard; Timothy Girard; Donald Gironne; Kirsty Gladas; Kathleen Glasby; Leah Glasgow; Rayna Glazenburg; Lisa Gledhill; Samuel Gluck; Wendy Goddard; Gillian Godding; Gerry Gogarty; Philip Gold; David Golden; Ewan C Goligher; Keith Gomez; Frank Gommans; Marta Goncalves Pinto; Tiphanie Gonzales; Anaita Goodie; Jayne Goodwin; Sharif Goolam-Hossen ; Shameer Gopal; Jan Gorry; Richard Gould; Jessica Goulet; Anna Gouveia; Pauline Gowdy; Guillaume Goyette; Beverley Graham; Jane Graham; Libby Graham; Harriet Gray; Ingrid Gray; Tanya Gray; Maria Cecilia Graza; Patricia Grealish; Irina Grecu; Grace Green; Jackie Green; Teresa Green; Danni Greener; Jane Gregory; Beverley Grice; Amanda Griffith; Alexandra Griffiths; Samantha Grimley; Lisa Grimmer; Stephen Grist; Erika Groenveld; Jamie Gross; Elodie Guitteaud; Abhinav Gupta; Chiraag Gupta; Sabi Gurung Rai; Wadih Habeichi; Sarah Habel Liboiron; Bernard Hadebe; Leah Hadzik; Ghady Haidar; Syeda Haider; Sandra Halden; Anne Haldeos; Alistair S Hall; Andrew Hall; Emma Hall; Kathryn Hall; Rebecca Elin Hall; Sandra Halliday; David O Hamilton; Vincent Hamlyn; Naomi Hammond; Sara Hammond; Elizabeth Hampson; Ian Hancock; Katie Hands; Joanne Hanley; Alison Hanlon; Tracy Hanna; Stefanie Hannan; Trish Hansen; Helen Hanson; Jane Hanson; Helen Hanwell; Lesley Harden; Chloe Hardy; Rachel Harford; Emily Hargreaves; Cain Harland; Sandra Harlow; Fiona Harper; Heather Harper; Melanie Harper; Naja Harper; Kate Harrington; Celia Harris; Jade Harris; Naomi Harris; Susan Harrison; Kath Harrow; Melissa Hartley; Alice Harvey; Daniel Harvey; Meg Harward; Madiha Hashmi; Sarah Haskins; Stephanie B. Hatch; Sheryl Haviland; Janice Hawes; Catherine Hawkins; Nancy Hawkins; Tanya Hawkins; Sophie K Hay; Tamsin Haydon; Amber Hayes; Anne Hayes; Ooi Hc; William Headdon; Gail Healey; Anita Hebert; Steven Henderson; Heather Hennebury; Lee Hennen; Kathryn Hennessy; Jeremy Henning; Carol Ann Henry; Carole Anne Henry; Joanne Henry; Rachel Hera; Mike Herbert; Stephanie Heritier; Kay Heron; Tanya Herrell; Sharnie Beth Hesson; Samuel Hey; Nicolette Heydon; Gareth Heywood-Beldon; John Hickey; Alison Hill; Claire Hill; Helen Hill; Martin Hill; Michael Hill; Anette Hilldrith; Elizabeth Hillerby; Elisabeth Hilton; Marcus Hinde; Clare Hird; Joan Hoar; Valerie Hodder; Christopher Hodge; Renate Hodge; Louise Hodgkinson; Carol Hodgson; Helen Hodgson; Karen Hoiland; Catherine Holbrook; Andrew Holland; Nicky Holland; Susan Holland; Michelle Hollands; Gillian Hollis; Laszlo Hollos; Linda Holloway; Ben Holmes; Lynn Holt; Toni Home; Laura Hontoria del Hoyo; Patti Hooley; Sarah J. Hoosdally; David Hope; Phil Hopkins; Anil Hormis; Kim Horne; Dan Horner; James Hornsby; Nicola Horton-Turner; Krissy Hoskin; Leanne Hostler; Pat Hoszko; Brittany Houghton; Iain Houghton; Angela Houston; Brett L Houston; Kelsey Howard; Alison Howarth; Diane Howarth; Clare Howcroft; David Howe; Lucy Howie; Ryan Howle; Colleen Hrabi; Kjierstin Hubka; Alex Hudson; Chelsey Hugelshofer; Debbie Hughes; Luke Hughes; Keith Hugill; Sebastiaan Hullegie; Jonathan Hulme; Sarah Hulse; Laura Humber; Charlotte Humphrey; Lena Hunold ; Beverley Hunt ; Al Hunter; Isobel Hunter; Sally-Anne Hurford; Roberta Hurman; Mahwish Hussain; Raheem Hussein; Alison Hutchinson; Paula Hutton; Monzeer Ibrahim; Nazia Ijaz; Claire Ingall; Richard Innes; Ben Irving; Pamela Irving; Sonia Isaacs; Graziella Isgro; Agah Isguzar; Pramodya Ishani; Sue Ismay; Tammy Ison; Ali Issa; Helen Ivatt; Catrina Ivel; Anthony Jackson; Douglas Jackson; Julie Jackson; Karin Jackson; Shane Jackson; Sharon Jackson; Susan Jackson; Nikita Jacob; Reni Jacob; Annie Jacques; Terri-Lisa Jacques- Brown; Vijay Jagannathan; Sam Jaggard; Susan Jain; Christie James; Erin Jamula; Ho Jan Senya; Pierre Janin; Lorraine Jappy ; Ann Jarvis; Lisa Jarvis; Issrah Jawad; Devachandran Jayakumar; Malka Jayasinghe Arachchige; Zeynab Jeewa; Emma Jefferson ; Jenni Jeffrey; Craig Jenkins; Samuel Jenkins; Sarah Jenkins; Steve Jenkins; Aislinn R Jennings; Rebecca Jennings; Stacey Jennings; Jakob Jeriha; Jeby Jeyachandran; Dharshana Jeyapalan; Rajeev Jha; Shaman Jhanji; Marcella Jimenez; Maya John; Sarah John; Magaret Johns; David Johnson; Nelsonseelan Johnson; Paul Johnson; Rachel Johnson; Rebekah Johnson; Toby Johnson; Zoe Johnson; Brian Johnston; Laura Johnston; Andrea Jones; Cathy Jones; Deanna Jones; Emily Jones; Hazel Jones; Jamie Jones; Jessica Jones; Kevin Jones; Glenda Jorritsma; Annette Jose; Joseph Joseph; Revati Joshi; Vera Juhaz; Katarina Kacinova; Rebecca Kahari; Selver Kalchko-Veyssal; Kyle Kalchthaler; Agilan Kaliappan; Michael Kalogirou; Maneesha Kamra; Arul Kandaswamy; Santhana Kannan; Vasita Kara; Tim Karachi; Marina Karakantza; Michal Karlikowski; Vidya Kasipandian; Sandy Kassir; Amro Katary; Jaswinder Kaur; Satvinder Kaur; Sherilynn Kavanagh; Abdul Kayani; Callum Kaye; Aayesha Kazi; Sharon Kaznica; Samantha Kearley; Liza Keating; Claire Keatley; Sheryl Keeler; Sherbrina Keen; Alexandra Keen; Katie Keen; Kay Kell; Jeremy Kellington; Conor Kelly; Ellen Kelly; Martin Kelly; Zofia Kelly; Olivia Kelsall; Kelly Kemsley; Sara Kendrick; Caroline Kennedy; Kelly Kent; Clement Kerlin; Gord Kerr; Maria Kerr; Samantha Kershaw; Ian Kerslake; Margaret Kevern; Imrana Khalid; Camran Khan; Meherunnisa Khan; Mohammed Khan; Sabiya Khan; Meenu Khera; Jayne Khorsandi; Kosar Khwaja; Edy Kim; Youry Kim; Sarah Kimpton; Andrea King; Andrew King; Tony King; Fiona Kinney; Jeff Kinney; Adeline Kintono; Jill Kirk; Daniel Kirkbride; Amy Kirkby; Ian Kirker; Kelly Kislingbury; Joseph E Kiss; Georgios Kitsios; Lauren Kittridge; Michelle Knight; Karen Knowles; Diana Kobes; Keith Kolsteren; Pam Konecny; Jing Kong; Ritchie Koshy; Leonidas Koukouflis; Rebecca Kovacevic; Rhonda Krahn; Vinodh Krishnamurthy; Peter Kruger; Rebecca Kruisselbrink; Wanda Krywiak; Anand Kumar; Rohit Kumar; Avinash Kumar Jha; Kelly Kuntz; Demetrios Kutsogiannis; Lynsey Kyeremeh; Laura Kyle; Mike Laffan; John Laffey; Jennifer Lafrenier; Shondipon Laha; Manon Lahaie; Barb Laing; Michelle Lake; Carolyn K Lam; Brenda Lamb; Hélène Lamoureux; Rebecca Lanaway; Julia Lancut; Patricia Landy; Eva Lang; Liana Lankester; Chantal Larivee; Cheryl Larner; Marilyne Larose; Wojciech Lason; Victoria Latham; Darren Latimer; Annemarie Laumaea; François Lauzier; Colin Lawler; Mark Lawley; Jo Lawrence; Robin Lawrence; Jemima Lawson; Rebecca Lawton; Juan Martin Lazaro; David Leaf; Richard Lean; Christina Leaver; Susannah Leaver; Julie Leblond; Maryse Leclerc; June Lee; Lai Ha Lee; Marylee Lee; Stephanie Lee; Stephen Lee; Wendy Lee; Wanda Lefresne; Danielle Leguard-White; Paula Lehto; Francois Lellouche; Irina Lenchuk; Luc Lesage; Ullrich Leuschner; Chris Levett; Antoine Lewin; Michaela Lewin; Joanne Lewis; Lisa Lewis; Sarah Lewis; Lorraine Lewis-Prosser; Anna Li; Jenny Li; Angela Liao; Kim Licanio; Sophia Lieber; James Lin; Gabriella Lindergard; Vanessa Linnett; Charlotte Little; Theresa Liu; Alexandra Liversidge; Patricia Lizotte; Cristina Lobato; Maria Lobo-Clarke; Stephen Lock; Teresa Lockett; Sandy Lockyer; Tracey Lofting; Meg Logan; Kaatje Lomme; Matilda Long; Maria Lopez Martinez; Alyssa Lopus; Stuart Lord; Laura Lordache; Kieron Loregnard; Catherine Lorenzon; Sylvain Lother; Eva Loutraris; Huw Lovett; Daniel Loveys; Benjamin Lowe; Caroline Lowe; Maryalyce Lowery; Emma Loxley; Rachael Lucas; Kayla Lucier; Tracy Luk; Brenda Lukasik; Hayley Lund; Kathleen Lundy; Ji Luo; Julia Lussier; Heather Luyckx; Chan-Hoa Ly; Elisa Ly; Sarah Lymn; Ceri Lynch; Daniella Lynch; Bruce Lyon; Emily Lyons; Angela Macauley; Kevin MacDonald; Peter MacDonald; Stuart MacDonald; Tania MacDonald; Cara MacGuigan; Lynn MacKay; Colleen MacKenzie; Debbie MacKenzie; Patricia Mackey; Sheila MacLennan; Sharon MacLeod; Patty MacNally; Nancy MacNeil; Karen Madgwick; Harriet Madiyiko; Tim Maggs; Kathryn Maguire; Teena Maguire; Sarah Magwood; Amitaa Maharajh; Jonathan Mailman; Carole Main; Esther Makanju; Ahmed Makky; Arystarch Makowski; Salim Malakouti; Michelle Male; Brian Malley; Carolyn Maloney; Gracie Maloney; Victoria Manax; Yara Mangindaan; Kathy Manguiat; Lynne Mannion; Venika Manoharan; Elmer Manuel; Garikayi Marange; Lisa March; Guy Marcotte; Helen Maria-Osborn; Nathalie Marin; Dimitra Marinakis; Nicole Marinoff; Rene Markgraff; Marina Marotti; Sara Marrero Hernandez; Cheryl Marriot; Yvonne Marriott; Oscar Marroquin; Brian D. Marsden; Tracy Marsden; Emma Marsh; James Marshall; Samantha Marston; Nicole Marten; Elise Martin; Emma Martin; Jane Martin; Laila Martin; Timothy Martin; Alexander Martinez; Maria Martins; Olivia Martins; Lucas Martins Ferreira; Roman Mary-Genetu; Lynn Mason; Brent Massar; Caroline Masse; Marie-Helene Masse; Natalie Massey; Michail Mataliotakis,; Caroline Mathews; Marion Mathie; Wadzanai Matimba-Mupaya; Ramprasad Matsa; Julie Matthews; Phillipa Matthews; Sue Matthews; Gwynn Matthias; Gemma Maxwell; Oliver May; Katelyn Mayak; Irving Mayangao; Lee Maynard; Florian Mayr; John Mazerall; Mercy Mbwembwe; Clare Mc Goldrick; Moyra Mc Master; Helinor Mcaleese; Sam McAllery; Julie McAuley; Edmund McCallion; Martina McCalmont; Joanna McCarthy; Declan McClintock; Charlene McCracken; Phoebe McCracken; Erin McCreary; Louise McCreery; Iain J McCullagh; Corrienne McCulloch; June McDonald; Rebecca McEldrew; Forbes McGain; Karen McGarry; Margaret McGarvey; Mel McGee; Christopher McGhee; Hannah McGivern; Deborah McGlynn; Peter McGuigan; Lauralyn McIntyre; Madeleine McKee; Shirley McKenna; Sonia McKenna; Denise Mckeown; Claire Mckie; Sheila McKilop; Lorna McLintock; Deborah K. McMahon; Joanne McMahon; Janet McManus; Alexandra McMillan; Catherine McMillan; Helen McMillan; Liam McMorrow; Joanne McMurdo; Darren McNamara; Robert McNamara; Deborah McNaughton; Mary P McNicholl; Sam McWilliam; Suzanna Medic; Halima Medjahed; Rebecca Medva; Jenny Mehew; Reena Mehta; Jana Meier; Stephanie Mellin; Phil Mellor; Laurent-Paul Ménard; Emelissa Mendoza; Megan Meredith; Stella Metherell; Greg Methven; Louise Mew; Jason Meyer; Nhlanhla Mguni; Angiy Michael; Vince Michael; Natalia Michalak; Sue Michalowicz; Claire Michelson; Saskia Middlethorp; Margaret Miedema; Sydney Miezitis; Justyna Mikusek; Ian Millar; Tina Millen; Jennene Miller; Lorna Miller; Melanie Milloy; Gary H Mills; Steve Mills; Rebecca Miln; Christine Milot; Adriana Minella; Sara Mingo Garcia; Arron Minhas; Tami Minnier; Anne Minogue; Liliana Miranda; Deena Mistry; Reena Mistry; Beata Misztal; Sarah Mitchard; Susan Mitchell; Gloria Mmadubuko ; Dimpy Modi; Kaveh Moghbeli; Mahalakshmi Mohan; Rachel Moir; April Molloy; Liz Molson; Holly Monaghan; Josephine Monaghan; Ian Moody; Carly Moore; Gillian Moore; Hannah Moore; Lynne Moore; Tracy Moore; Vanessa Moore; Louise Moorhouse; MaryAnne Moreau; Nicola Moreland; Jeronimo Moreno Cuesta; Adam Morgan; Jackie Morgan; Karen Morgan; Matt Morgan; Rebecca Morgan; Susan Morpeth; Helen Morris; Sheila Morris; Steve Morrisey; Suzy Morton; Rosna Mortuza; Ivan Mounitsyn; Lorraine Mounsey; Debbie Moyst; Shelia Mtuwa; Darlene Mueller; Alison Muir; Martin Muir; Dipak Mukherjee; Tshinupay Mukwa; John Mulder; Suleman Mulla; Barbara Mullin; Joanne Mullings; Mike Mullowney; Sarah Mumford; Sheila Munt; Nafissah Munu; Diane Murdoch; Andrea Murphy; Emily Murphy; Fidelma Murphy; Jo Murphy; Peter Murphy; Sheenagh Murphy; Lauren Murray; Srinivas Murthy; Kaiser Mushtaq; Edvin Music; Natasha Muzengi; Esther Mwaura; Judith Nabess; Anas Naeem; Parminder Naga; Priya Nair; Reena Nair Khade; Rose Nalumansi Sekiwala; Aarti Nandani; Shruthi Narayan; Anushka Natajaran; Vineet Nayyar; Mobeena Naz; Salima Nazarali; Matthew Neal; Mihai Netea; Kimberley Netherton; Gina Neves; Claire-Michelle Neville; Josephine Newanji; Julie Newman; Richard Newman; Sally Newman; Tabitha Newman; Claire Newsam; Christopher Ng; Dung  Nguyen; Anne Nicholson; Genelle Nicholson; Janet Nicholson; Sukhi Nijjar; Nikitas Nikitas; Josephine Nnadi; Harriet Noble; Josee Noel; Jerry Nolan; Marie-Ève Nolin; Joelle Nordstrom; Jamie Norgrave; Julie North; Julie Northcote; Jurgens Nortje; Angie Nown; Tony Noyce; Alan Noyon; Gloria Nwajei Agha; Kelly Nwankiti; Eugenia Nweje; Maria Nygren,; Aibhilin O’Connor; Anne O’Connor; Stephanie O’Connor; Kaitlyn O’Halloran; Sinéad O’Kane; Ryan O’Leary; Aisling O’Neill; Kevin O’Reilly; Susan Oakley; Aneta Oborska; Andrew O'Brien; Sarah O'Brien; Maria O'Connell; Martin O'Connell; Tansey O'Connor; Simon Oczkowski; Rosie O'Dea; Ruth O'Donnell; Violet O'Donnell; Dapo Odumeru; Bethan Ogg; Kayode Ogungbenro; Cecilia O'Kane; Eleanor O'Kell; Clementina Okundaye; Ché Okyne-Turkson; Jane Oldham; Marta Oliveira; Anne Oliver; Nimca Omer; Lynne Oncea; Bronagh O'Neill ; Rajalakshmi Orath Prabakaran; Chloe Orchard; Joanna O'Reilly; Neil Orford; Laura Oritz-Ruiz de Gordoa; Dave Ormrod; Katrina Orr; Lisa Orr; Rawlings Osagie; Alexander Osborne; Darlene Osborne; Roxanne Osmond; Alberto Ospina Stella; Kheng Ly Oueng; Natalie Outten; Deepali Oza; Upulee Pabasara; Tanya Paddock; Jennifer Pade; Nickolas Page; Valerie J Page; Mari-Liis Pakats; Shehan Palihavadana; Kimberley Palmer; Chantale Pambrun; Rob Pankhurst; Asad Pantanwala; Evita Pappa; Marina Pappa; Mélisande Paquet; Elankumaran Paramasivam; Ana Parejasanchez; Dhruv Parekh; Caroline Parent; Éric Parent; Vicky Parent; Liz Park; Carmel Parker; Lisa Parkinson; Mamta Parmar; Karen Parry-Billings; Kerry Parsons; Sarah Parsons; Kirsten Pass; Sarah Patch; Amit Patel; Bijal Patel; Kamal Patel; Mithal Patel; Priti Patel; Rebecca Patel; Ann Patterson; Lisa Patterson; Pauline Patterson; Trena Patzer; Daniel Paul; Janice Paul; Roshni Paul; Bojan Paunovic; Debra Pavelich; David Payne; Abby Peacock; Sandra Peake; Harriet Pearson; Karen Pearson; Suzannah Pegler ; Belinda Pelle; Abigail Pemberton; Jessica Pendlebury; Sarah Pendlebury; Alistair Penny; Romina Pepermans Saluzzio; Ana Pereira; Rita Pereira; Parmi Perera; Jane Perez; Rachel Perkins; Josée Perreault; Reno Perri; Terrie Perry; Craig Peters; Jayne Peters; Sam Peters; Svenja Peters; Shelley Peterson; Tanya Petraszko; Tasha Pettigrew; Ville Pettilä; Sharon Peyton; Gunjan Phalod; Jennifer E Philbin; Neil Philips; Barbara Phillips; Danielle Phillips; Karen Phillips; Margaret Phillips; Pat Phillips; Clark Phillipson; Katherine Philpott; Mandeep-Kaur Phull; Charlotte Pickering; Hayleah Pickford; Charlie Piercy; Janet Piersma; Claudia Mireille Pigeon; Suresh Pillai; Nikki Pilutti; Julia Pinder; Joanne Pink; Jez Pinnell; Mary Pitcher; Sally Pitts; Mathias Pletz; Rutger Ploeg; Tatiana Pogreban; David Pogson; David Poles; Petra Polgarova; Barb Pollock; Michelle Polson; Fiona Pomeroy; Jagtar-Singh Pooni; Iulia Popescu; Ella Poppitt; Christopher Porada; Rebecca Porteous; David Porter; Alison Potter; Kenzi Potter; Pedro Povoa; Carolyn Powel; Elizabeth Powell; Geneen Powell; Gillian Powter; Rashida Pramanik; Maanvi Prasad; Sindhuja Pratheepkumar; Ashton Prefontaine; Jeffrey Presneill; Jérémie Prévost; Allison Prihoda; Janet Pring; Lisa Privatera; Linda Prokopiuk; Tracey Pronyk-Ward; Nicola Proudfoot; Rachel Prout; Richard Pugh; Laura Purandare; Claire Purcell; Dharam Purohit; Sarah Purvis; Daniel Putensen; Zudin Puthucheary; Kathryn Puxty; Xinyi Qiu; Rachael Quayle; Mailene Quinagon; Alison Quinn; Kevin Quinn; Miguel Quinones-Mateu; Amy Quirk; Hafiz Qureshi; Wayne Rabin; Isabelle Rabusseau; Emma Rademaker; Sharon Rainey; Ajay Raithatha; David Ralphs; Mohamed Ramali; Angelo Ramos; Lidia Ramos; Helen Randall; Sandra Randall; Georgina Randell; Ramina Randhawa; Haley Ranton; Deepak Rao; Ravishankar Rao Baikady; Alia Rashid; Connie Rasko; Jeremy  Ratcliff; Valli Ratnam; Rashmi Rauniyar; Sam Rawlins; Michelle Ray; Kik Raymakers; Benjamin Rayner; Michael Reay; Rashmi Rebello; Amie Reddy; Harsha Reddy,; Catherine Reed; Grace Rees; Ian Rees; Brenda Reeve; Fiona Regan; Andrew Reid; Robert Reilly; Shonagh Reilly; Henrik Reschreiter,; Lorna Retzlaff; Adam Revill; Oleksa Rewa; Bob Reynolds; Claire Reynolds; John Reynolds; Kamila Reznicek; Jonathan Rhodes; Emily Rich; Jonathan Richard; Debbie Richards; Suzanne Richards; Alvin Richards-Belle; Carol Richardson; Eric Richardson; Joanne Riches; Daniel Ricketts; Jonathan Ricks; Ilse Rietveld; Stephen Rigby; Linda Rikkert; Dominic Rimmer; Clive Risbridger; Michelle Ritchot; Jenny Ritzema; Pascale Riverin; Marlene Roach; Matthew Robb; Émilie Roberge; Eilir Roberts; Leanne Roberts; Tracey Roberts ; Debra Robertson; Doug Robertson; Alyssia Robinson; Katie Robinson; Matt Robinson; Stacey Robinson; Cherie Robson; Lisa Roche; Margaret Roche; Bram Rochwerg; Jennifer Rock; Natalie Rodden; Cassidy Rodley; Andrea Rogers; Gernot Rohde; Roceld Rojo; Tina Romagnuolo; Atal Roman; Clare Rook; Kevin Rooney; Mercedes Rosario; Lace Paulyn Rosaroso; Brian Rosborough; David Rose; Rachel Rose; Steve Rose; Vikkie Rose; Joanne Ross; Natalie Ross; Anthony Rostron; Jason Roth; Pascal Rouleau; Charles Rounds; Kathryn Rowan; Scott Rowan-Ferry; Louise Rowe-Leete; Matthew Rowland; Megan Rowley; Alistair Roy; Anna Roynon-Reed; Alison Rudd; Winningtom Ruiz; Patrizia Ruoso; Rosemary Rushworth; Lisa Rusk; Kim Ryalls; Emily Ryan; Lucy Ryan; Nick Rylance; Suganya Sabaretnam; Umar Sabat; Rachel Sackrowitz; Girendra Sadera; Maria-Isabel Saez-Garcia-Holloway; Sian Saha; Armorel Salberg; Jas Sall; Angela Salmon; Karen Salmon; Nichola Salmons; Zoe Sammut; Lorraine Samuel; Francisco San Diego; Michael Sanchez; Amanda Sanderson; Colleen Sanderson; Gyan Sandhu; Ashish Sanil; Filipa Santos; Anita Saran; Sonia Sathe; Prasannakumari Sathianathan; Michelle Saull; Synthia Sauvageau; Robert Sawler; Manoj Saxena; Jeremy Scanlan; Riccardo Scano; Irma Scheepstra-Beukers; Mark Schmidhofer; Andrew Schoenling; Joost Schotsman; Roxanne Schroeder; Marilyn Schuett; Martin Schuster-Bruce; Roger Schutgens; Sacha Schweikert; Andrew Scott; Kathryn Scott; Zoe Scott; Deborah Seals; Judy Seaman; Rebecca Seaman; Deborah Seddon; Faramarz Sedigh-Zadeh; Fatima Seidu; Mallika Sekhar; Fernanco Selene; Jo Sell; Katharine Sellers; Helen Senior; Peter Senior; Ian Seppelt; Karim Serri; Chanthou Sevilla; Marlene Shade; Faraaz Shah; Tasnin Shahid; Manu Shankar-Hari; Shaminie Shanmugaranjan; Kimberly Shaughnessy; David Shaw; Deborah Shaw; Joanne Shaw; Audrey Shearer; Ben Sheath; Jonathan Sheffield; Laura Sheldon; Sarah Shelton; Varun Shetty; Dylan Shield; Roger Shiers; Christine Shin; Kim Shirley; Richard Shortland; Charmaine Shovelton; Murali Shyamsundar; Zanele Sibanda; Sindhu Sibin; Christine Sicat; Atif Siddiqui; Monyra Siek; Chris Siewersk; Nyma Sikondari; Adrienne Silver; Mike Silverstone; Malcolm AB Sim; Carl Simard; Peter Simmonds; Benjamin Simpson; Brenda Simpson; John Simpson; Tom Simpson; Andrew Simpson ; Julie-Ann Sinclair; Jayaprakash Singh; Rajeev Singh; Vanessa Singh; Jo Singleton; Pratik Sinha; Rebecca Sivers; Alison Sivyer; Michael John Skill; Denise Skinner; Tabitha Skinner; Agnieszka Skorko; Aimee Skrtich; Wendy Slack; Helen Slade; Melanie Slaughter; Wendy Sligl; Janice Sloan; Charlotte Small; Emma Small; Andrew Smallwood; Joanna Smee; Albertine Smit; Anna Smith; Catherine Smith; Graham Smith; John Smith; Juliet Smith; Katie Smith; Lucie Smith; Matthew Smith; Patricia Smith; Paul Smith; Ruth Smith; Simon Smith; Timothy Smith; Tracy Smith; Gemma Smithson; Sara Smuts; Janet Smyrski; Kirsty Smyth; Naoise Smyth; Naomi Smyth; Leila Snouber; Mary Sokolowski; Amanda Solesbury; Alastair Somerville; Tom Song; Deepti Sood; Monique Sosa; Sonia Sousa Arias; David Southern; Jennifer Speidel; Holly Speight; John Spence; Stephen Spencer; Helen Spicer; Rose Spicer; Bridgette Spires; Adam Spong; Karen Spreckley; Scott Springworth; Rebecca Squires; Carole St Onge-Legault; Chloe Stacey; Tony Staincliffe; Martha Stambaugh; Katie Stammers; Simon J Stanworth; Julie Staves; Roger Stedman; Tony Steed; Stefan Stefan Sprinckmoller; Martin Sterba; Georgia Stevens; Guy Stevens; Elaine Stevenson; Amanda Stewart; Rebecca Stewart; Richard Stewart; Robert Stirk; Melanie St-John; Sarah Stone; Ellen Strakosch; Emma Stratton; Luke Streeter; Tomeka Suber; Lee Sudlow; Anila Sukuraman; Nina Sull; Anna Summerfield; Charlotte Summers; Jennifer Summers; Ashok Sundar Raj; Radha Sundaram; Dhinesh Sundaran; Helen Sutherland; Sara-Beth Sutherland; Sharon Sutherland; John Sutton; Mihaela Sutu; Jacqueline Swabe; Lorna Swan; Nicola Swarbrick; Katie Sweet; Samaher Sweity; Eric Sy; Tamas Szakmany; Helen Tackaberry; Malik Tahir Saleem; Silvia Taibo; Nadine Talia; Phoebe Tamblin-Hopper; Jade Tan; Xiaohui Tang; Ran Tao; Esther Tarr; Donna Tasker; Margaret Tate; Margaret L Tate; Kate C Tatham; Mohammed N Tawfik Altomy; Ashley Taylor; Brian Taylor; Charlotte Taylor; Holly Taylor; Melanie Taylor; Seble Tekle; Saba Teklehaimanot; Holly Templar; Maie Templeton; Patricia Tendler; Abbi Tervit; Kate Tettmar; Susan Theander; Stéphane Thellend; Amy Thomas; Deepak Thomas; Emma Thomas; Helen Thomas; Vicky Thomas; Samantha Thomas-Wright; Patricia Thompson; Taylor Thompson; Usilla Thompson; Nicola Thomson; Wendy Thorne; Allison Thorpe; Jessica Thrush; Saranya Thurairatnam; Carey Tierney; Emma M Timms; Melanie Tokessy; Timo Tolppa; Helen Tomlinson; Steven Tong; Kiran Tony; Sylvia Torrance; Isabella Tosi; Omar Touma; Jason Towler; Miriam Towns; Alain Townsend; Chris Townsend; Andrew Tracy; Claire Tranter; Tony Trapani; Jonathan Trattles; Eleanor Traverse; Sylvie Tremblay; Tony Tremblay; Karis Treuberg; Silvia C Trevelin; Michael Trevett; Mike Trevett; Fiona Trim; Thomas Trimble; Ken Trimmer; Annette Trueman; Nicholas Truman; Sara Tryon; Kyriaki Tsakiridou; Hoi Pat Tsang; Jennifer Tsang; Georgios Tsinaslanidis; Victoria Tuckley; Caroline Tuckwell; Redmond P Tully; Raymond Tung; Saidat Turawa; Anna Turco; Krystyna Turek; Salah Turki; David Turner; Frances Turner; Keri Turner; Louise Turner; Marc Turner; Ruth Turner; Susan Turner; Ian Turner-Bone; Margaret Turns; Stuart Turville; Ishara Udayanga; Ruzena Uddin; Andrew Udy; Laura Unitt; Adam Unsworth; Jassy Uppal; James Uprichard; Alison Uriel; Andrew Ustianowski; Jane Uttley; Tim Uyeki; Eliza Valentine; Luke Vamplew; Tom van der Poll; Caryn Van der Riet; Denise van Hout; Roland van Kimmenade; Marloes van Beurden; Jonni-Lyn Van Deursen; William Van’t Hoff; Kate Vardigans; Siby Varghese; Gloria Vazquez-Grande; Austin Veen; Tonny Veenith; Maxime Veillette; Tracy Velcich; David Veniard; Bala Venkatesh; Ellen Venz; Mark Verlander; Mark Vertue; Jerik Verula; Catherine Viau; Saji Victor; Alex Viehman; Wayne Vietri; Steve Villeneuve; Sudharkar Vimalanathan; Rachel Vincent; Satwinder Virdee; Leanne Voutour; Alain Vuylsteke; Alicia Waite; Andrew Walden; Jane Walden; Greg Walker; Jasmine Walker; Marie Teresa Walker; Rachel Walker; Susan Walker; Derek Wallbank; Fiona Waller; Joanne Walsh; James Walsham; Sherry Walters; Eleanor Ward; Geraldine Ward; Kathryn Ward; Luke Ward; Rebecca Ward; Adele Wardle; Majella Warnock; Lea Warren; Charlotte Washington; Olivia Watchorn; Abby Waters; Sharon Waterson; Claire Watkins; Nick Watkins; Irene Watpool; Angela Watts; Victoria Waugh; Paul Weaver; Lisa Weber; Kathryn Webert; Thanuja Weerasinghe; Alexandra Weissman; Colin Wells; Ingeborg D Welters; James Wesson; Jim Wesson; Adam West; Samantha Westlake; Bill Wetherill; Alison White; Ian White; Katie White; Stephen White; Tony Whitehouse; Victoria Whiteside; Kaitlyn Whitley; Melanie Whynot; Bradley Wibrow; Elizabeth Wilby; Elizabeth Wilcox; Louise Wilcox; Helen Wild; Laura Wild; Laura Wilding; Ritchie Wildman; Donna Wiles; Matt Wiles; Daisy Wiley; Elva Wilhelmsen; Chloe Wilkes; Dean Wilkinson; Helen Wilkinson; Holly Wilkinson; Felicity Willams; Alexandra Williams; Angharad Williams; Anna Williams; Gemma Williams; Hannah Williams; James D Williams; Jayne Williams; Karen Williams; Penny Williams; Sarah Williams; Virginie Williams; Dawn Williamson; James D Williamson; Bruce Willian; Joanna Willis; Jayne Willson; Anna Wilson; Catherine Wilson; Maggie Wilson; Matthew Wilson; Evie Wiltsher; Phillip Windrum; Pascal Winter; Matt Wise; Mary Kay Wisniewski; Holly Wissett; Katelyn Witherell; Amy Woelke; Paula Wojcik; Magda Wolna; Carol Wong; Lee Wong; Onyee Wong; Yun Man Wong; Carrie Anne Wood; Hannah Wood; Heidi Wood; Kathryn Wood; Tracy Wood; Julia Woodford; Luke Woodford; Ursula Woodford; Debra Woods; Jane Woods; Lindsey Woods; Sheila Wowchuk; Sarah Woycik; Jess Wren; Joanne Wren; Lynn Wren; Caroline Wrey Brown; Alison Wright; Chris Wright; Lee Wright; Peter Wright; Rebecca Wright; Julie Wu; Rachel Wyatt; Katharine Wylie; Kugan Xavier; Charlotte Xia Le Tai; Huiyuan Xiao; Yang Yang; Elizabeth Yarad; David Yates; Donald Yealy; Andrew Yeatman; Patricia Yedynak; Ian Young; Meredith Young; Paul Young; Taryn Youngstein; Haili Yu; Hakeem Yusuff; Abbas Zaidi; Ahmed Zaki; Mohsin Zaman; Raisa Zaman; Claire Zammit; Lynn Zarb; Ryan Zarychanski ; Michelle Zeller; Marian Zelman; Anna Zimperi ; Dorota B Ziortza Fernández de Pinedo Artaraz; Louisa Zouita; Will Zuurbier; Sheba Zyengi; Lise J. Estcourt, MB BChir, DPhil; Alexis F. Turgeon, MD, MSc; Zoe K. McQuilten, MBBS, PhD; Bryan J. McVerry, MD; Farah Al-Beidh, PhD; Djillali Annane, MD, PhD; Yaseen M. Arabi, MD; Donald M. Arnold, MD, MSc; Abigail Beane, MSc; Philippe Bégin, MD, PhD; Wilma van Bentum-Puijk, MS; Lindsay R. Berry, PhD; Zahra Bhimani, MPH, PMP; Janet E. Birchall, MBChB; Marc J. M. Bonten, MD; Charlotte A. Bradbury, MD, PhD; Frank M. Brunkhorst, MD; Meredith Buxton, PhD; Jeannie L. Callum, MD; Michaël Chassé, MD, PhD; Allen C. Cheng, MD; Matthew E. Cove, MBChB; James Daly, MBBS; Lennie Derde, MD; Michelle A. Detry, PhD; Menno De Jong, MD; Amy Evans, MMedSci; Dean A. Fergusson, PhD; Matthew Fish, MSc; Mark Fitzgerald, PhD; Claire Foley, BSc; Herman Goossens, MD; Anthony C. Gordon, MD; Iain B. Gosbell, MBBS, MD; Cameron Green, MSc; Rashan Haniffa, MD; Heli Harvala, MD, PhD; Alisa M. Higgins, PhD; Thomas E. Hills, MBChB, DPhil; Veronica C. Hoad, MBBS, MPH; Christopher Horvat, MD, MHA; David T. Huang, MD, MPH; Cara L. Hudson, MSc; Nao Ichihara, MD, MPH, PhD; Emma Laing, BSc; Abigail A. Lamikanra, PhD; François Lamontagne, MD, MSc; Patrick R. Lawler, MD, MPH; Kelsey Linstrum, MS; Edward Litton, MD; Elizabeth Lorenzi, PhD; Sheila MacLennan, MB BS; John Marshall, MD; Daniel F. McAuley, MD; John F. McDyer, MD; Anna McGlothlin, PhD; Shay McGuinness, MD; Gail Miflin, MB BChir; Stephanie Montgomery, MSc; Paul R. Mouncey, MSc; Srinivas Murthy, MD; Alistair Nichol, MD; Rachael Parke, RN, PhD; Jane C. Parker, RN; Nicole Priddee, MB BCh; Damian F. J. Purcell, PhD; Luis F. Reyes, MD, PhD; Peter Richardson, BPharm; Nancy Robitaille, MD; Kathryn M. Rowan, PhD; Jennifer Rynne, MSc; Hiroki Saito, MD, MPH; Marlene Santos, MSc; Christina T. Saunders, PhD; Ary Serpa Neto, MD, MSc, PhD; Christopher W. Seymour, MD, MSc; Jon A. Silversides, PhD; Alan A. Tinmouth, MD, MSc; Darrell J. Triulzi, MD; Anne M. Turner, RN, MPH; Frank van de Veerdonk, MD; Timothy S. Walsh, MD; Erica M. Wood, MBBS; Scott Berry, PhD; Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD; David K. Menon, MD, PhD; Colin McArthur, MD; Ryan Zarychanski, MD, MSc; Derek C. Angus, MD, MPH; Steve A. Webb, MD, PhD; David J. Roberts, MBChB, DPhil; Manu Shankar-Hari, MD, PhD

Read Article Claim CME

Key Points

Question Is treatment with convalescent plasma associated with improved clinical outcomes?

Findings In a meta-analysis of 4 peer-reviewed and published randomized clinical trials including 1060 patients with COVID-19 treated with convalescent plasma vs control, the risk ratio for mortality was 0.93 and after the addition of 6 unpublished randomized clinical trials and 10 722 patients, the risk ratio for mortality was 1.02; neither finding was statistically significant. No significant associations with benefit were shown for hospital length of stay, mechanical ventilation use, clinical improvement, or clinical deterioration.

Meaning Among patients with COVID-19, treatment with convalescent plasma compared with control was not associated with improved survival or other positive clinical outcomes.

Abstract

Importance Convalescent plasma is a proposed treatment for COVID-19.

Objective To assess clinical outcomes with convalescent plasma treatment vs placebo or standard of care in peer-reviewed and preprint publications or press releases of randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

Data Sources PubMed, the Cochrane COVID-19 trial registry, and the Living Overview of Evidence platform were searched until January 29, 2021.

Study Selection The RCTs selected compared any type of convalescent plasma vs placebo or standard of care for patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 in any treatment setting.

Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers independently extracted data on relevant clinical outcomes, trial characteristics, and patient characteristics and used the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. The primary analysis included peer-reviewed publications of RCTs only, whereas the secondary analysis included all publicly available RCT data (peer-reviewed publications, preprints, and press releases). Inverse variance–weighted meta-analyses were conducted to summarize the treatment effects. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.

Main Outcomes and Measures All-cause mortality, length of hospital stay, clinical improvement, clinical deterioration, mechanical ventilation use, and serious adverse events.

Results A total of 1060 patients from 4 peer-reviewed RCTs and 10 722 patients from 6 other publicly available RCTs were included. The summary risk ratio (RR) for all-cause mortality with convalescent plasma in the 4 peer-reviewed RCTs was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.63 to 1.38), the absolute risk difference was −1.21% (95% CI, −5.29% to 2.88%), and there was low certainty of the evidence due to imprecision. Across all 10 RCTs, the summary RR was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.92 to 1.12) and there was moderate certainty of the evidence due to inclusion of unpublished data. Among the peer-reviewed RCTs, the summary hazard ratio was 1.17 (95% CI, 0.07 to 20.34) for length of hospital stay, the summary RR was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.20 to 2.87) for mechanical ventilation use (the absolute risk difference for mechanical ventilation use was −2.56% [95% CI, −13.16% to 8.05%]), and there was low certainty of the evidence due to imprecision for both outcomes. Limited data on clinical improvement, clinical deterioration, and serious adverse events showed no significant differences.

Conclusions and Relevance Treatment with convalescent plasma compared with placebo or standard of care was not significantly associated with a decrease in all-cause mortality or with any benefit for other clinical outcomes. The certainty of the evidence was low to moderate for all-cause mortality and low for other outcomes.

Claim CME

Buy This Activity

Article Information

Corresponding Author: Lars G. Hemkens, MD, MPH, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 12, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland (lars.hemkens@usb.ch).

Accepted for Publication: February 15, 2021.

Published Online: February 26, 2021. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.2747

Author Contributions: Drs Janiaud and Hemkens had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Drs Janiaud and Axfors contributed equally to this study.

Concept and design: Janiaud, Axfors, Smith, Khanna, Moher, Ioannidis, Hemkens.

Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Janiaud, Axfors, Schmitt, Gloy, Ebrahimi, Hepprich, Haber, Khanna, Moher, Goodman, Ioannidis, Hemkens.

Drafting of the manuscript: Janiaud, Axfors, Hepprich, Hemkens.

Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.

Statistical analysis: Janiaud, Hepprich, Haber, Moher, Ioannidis, Hemkens.

Obtained funding: Hemkens.

Administrative, technical, or material support: Janiaud, Axfors, Gloy, Ebrahimi, Hepprich, Smith.

Supervision: Ioannidis, Hemkens.

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

Funding/Support: The Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (Stanford University) is supported by a grant from the Laura and John Arnold Foundation. Dr Axfors is supported by postdoctoral grants from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Uppsala University, the Swedish Society of Medicine, the Blanceflor Foundation, and the Sweden-America Foundation. Dr Khanna is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation and the National Center of Competence in Research. Drs Janiaud and Hemkens are supported by grants from Swiss National Science Foundation.

Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders/sponsors had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

References

Mair-Jenkins J , Saavedra-Campos M , Baillie JK , et al; Convalescent Plasma Study Group. The effectiveness of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe acute respiratory infections of viral etiology: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 2015;211(1):80-90. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu396 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

Joyner MJ , Bruno KA , Klassen SA , et al. Safety update: COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 20,000 hospitalized patients. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020;95(9):1888-1897. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.028 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

US Food and Drug Administration. FDA issues Emergency Use Authorization for convalescent plasma as potential promising COVID-19 treatment, another achievement in administration’s fight against pandemic. Published August 24, 2020. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-issues-emergency-use-authorization-convalescent-plasma-potential-promising-covid-19-treatment

RECOVERY Collaborative Group. Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19—preliminary report. N Engl J Med. Published online July 17, 2020. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2021436 Google Scholar

Horby P , Mafham M , Linsell L , et al; RECOVERY Collaborative Group. Effect of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(21):2030-2040. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2022926 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

Horby PW , Mafham M , Bell JL , et al. Lopinavir–ritonavir in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. Lancet. 2020;396(10259):1345-1352. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32013-4 Google Scholar Crossref

Horby P , Lim WS , Emberson J , et al. Effect of dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19—preliminary report. medRxiv. Published online June 22, 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.06.22.20137273 Google Scholar

RECOVERY Trial. Press release: RECOVERY trial closes recruitment to convalescent plasma treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. Published January 15, 2021. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://www.recoverytrial.net/news/statement-from-the-recovery-trial-chief-investigators-15-january-2021-recovery-trial-closes-recruitment-to-convalescent-plasma-treatment-for-patients-hospitalised-with-covid-19

Page M , McKenzie J , Bossuyt P , et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. MetaArXiv. Published online September 14, 2020. doi:10.31222/osf.io/v7gm2 Google Scholar

10.

McGowan J , Sampson M , Salzwedel DM , Cogo E , Foerster V , Lefebvre C . PRESS: peer review of electronic search strategies: 2015 guideline statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2016;75:40-46. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

11.

Sterne JAC , Savović J , Page MJ , et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366:l4898. doi:10.1136/bmj.l4898 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

12.

Guyatt GH , Oxman AD , Vist GE , et al; GRADE Working Group. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336(7650):924-926. doi:10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

13.

Langan D , Higgins JPT , Simmonds M . Comparative performance of heterogeneity variance estimators in meta-analysis: a review of simulation studies. Res Synth Methods. 2017;8(2):181-198. doi:10.1002/jrsm.1198 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

14.

IntHout J , Ioannidis JP , Borm GF . The Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for random effects meta-analysis is straightforward and considerably outperforms the standard DerSimonian-Laird method. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14:25. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-14-25 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

15.

Higgins JPT , Thompson SG . Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21(11):1539-1558. doi:10.1002/sim.1186 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

16.

Libster R , Pérez Marc G , Wappner D , et al; Fundación INFANT–COVID-19 Group. Early high-titer plasma therapy to prevent severe Covid-19 in older adults. N Engl J Med. Published online January 6, 2021. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2033700 PubMed Google Scholar

17.

Agarwal A , Mukherjee A , Kumar G , Chatterjee P , Bhatnagar T , Malhotra P ; PLACID Trial Collaborators. Convalescent plasma in the management of moderate COVID-19 in adults in India: open label phase II multicentre randomised controlled trial (PLACID Trial). BMJ. 2020;371:m3939. doi:10.1136/bmj.m3939 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

18.

Simonovich VA , Burgos Pratx LD , Scibona P , et al; PlasmAr Study Group. A randomized trial of convalescent plasma in Covid-19 severe pneumonia. N Engl J Med. Published online November 24, 2020. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2031304 PubMed Google Scholar

19.

Li L , Zhang W , Hu Y , et al. Effect of convalescent plasma therapy on time to clinical improvement in patients with severe and life-threatening COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;324(5):460-470. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.10044 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

20.

AlQahtani M , Abdulrahman A , Almadani A , et al. Randomized controlled trial of convalescent plasma therapy against standard therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. medRxiv. Published online November 4, 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.11.02.20224303 Google Scholar

21.

Bajpai M , Kumar S , Maheshwari A , et al. Efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy compared to fresh frozen plasma in severely ill COVID-19 patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial. medRxiv. Published online October 27, 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.10.25.20219337 Google Scholar

22.

Gharbharan A , Jordans CCE , Geurtsvankessel C , et al. Convalescent plasma for COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. medRxiv. Published online July 3, 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.07.01.20139857 Google Scholar

23.

Avendaño-Solà C , Ramos-Martinez A , Muñez-Rubio E , et al. Convalescent plasma for COVID-19: a multicenter, randomized clinical trial. medRxiv. Published online September 29, 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.08.26.20182444 Google Scholar

24.

Ray Y , Paul SR , Bandopadhyay P , et al. Clinical and immunological benefits of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19: insights from a single center open label randomised control trial. medRxiv. Published online November 29, 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.11.25.20237883 Google Scholar

25.

European Union Recover Project. Press release: REMAP-CAP: international trial of SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma pauses enrollment of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Published online January 11, 2021. Accessed February 1, 2021. https://www.recover-europe.eu/press-release-international-trial-of-sars-cov-2-convalescent-plasma-pauses-enrollment-of-critically-ill-covid-19-patients/

26.

RECOVERY Trial. Randomised evalution of COVID-19 therapy (RECOVERY protocol). Accessed January 27, 2021. https://www.recoverytrial.net/files/recovery-protocol-v12-1-2020-12-16.pdf

27.

Horby PW , Roddick A , Spata E , et al. Azithromycin in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. medRxiv. Published online December 14, 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.12.10.20245944 Google Scholar

28.

Zarin DA , Rosenfeld S . Lack of harmonization of coronavirus disease ordinal scales. Clin Trials. Published online December 15, 2020. doi:10.1177/1740774520972082 PubMed Google Scholar

29.

Marshall JC , Murthy S , Diaz J , et al; WHO Working Group on the Clinical Characterisation and Management of COVID-19 Infection. A minimal common outcome measure set for COVID-19 clinical research. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(8):e192-e197. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30483-7 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

30.

Petkova E , Antman EM , Troxel AB . Pooling data from individual clinical trials in the COVID-19 era. JAMA. 2020;324(6):543-545. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.13042 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

31.

Janiaud P , Axfors C , Saccilotto R , Hemkens L , Schmitt A . COVID-evidence: a living database of trials on interventions for COVID-19. Published online April 1, 2020. Last updated August 19, 2020. Accessed February 17, 2021. https://osf.io/gehfx

AMA CME Accreditation Information

Credit Designation Statement: The American Medical Association designates this Journal-based CME activity activity for a maximum of 1.00  AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to:

1.00 Medical Knowledge MOC points in the American Board of Internal Medicine's (ABIM) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program;;
1.00 Self-Assessment points in the American Board of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery’s (ABOHNS) Continuing Certification program;
1.00 MOC points in the American Board of Pediatrics’ (ABP) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program;
1.00 Lifelong Learning points in the American Board of Pathology’s (ABPath) Continuing Certification program; and
1.00 CME points in the American Board of Surgery’s (ABS) Continuing Certification program

It is the CME activity provider's responsibility to submit participant completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting MOC credit.

Association of Convalescent Plasma Treatment With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Treatment of Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma

Testing an Old Therapy Against a New Disease: Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19

Convalescent Plasma Therapy and Clinical Improvement in Severe and Life-threatening COVID-19

Patient Information: Convalescent Plasma and COVID-19

Emerging Lessons From COVID-19 for the Clinical Research Enterprise of the US

REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Randomized Clinical Trial

See More

AMA CME Accreditation Information

Association of Convalescent Plasma Treatment With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Treatment of Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma

Testing an Old Therapy Against a New Disease: Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19

Convalescent Plasma Therapy and Clinical Improvement in Severe and Life-threatening COVID-19

Patient Information: Convalescent Plasma and COVID-19

Emerging Lessons From COVID-19 for the Clinical Research Enterprise of the US

REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Randomized Clinical Trial

See More

See More About

AMA CME Accreditation Information

Want full access to the AMA Ed Hub?

AMA Membership provides:

Sign in to access

Want full access to the AMA Ed Hub?

Sign in to customize your interests

With a personal account, you can:

Name Your Search

Sign in to save your search

With a personal account, you can:

Lookup An Activity

My Saved Searches

My Saved Courses

Purchase access