Corresponding Author: John G. Laffey, MD, MA, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Galway, 1-008 Clinical Sciences Institute, NUI Galway, Costello Rd, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland (john.laffey@nuigalway.ie).
Accepted for Publication: February 2, 2021.
Author Contributions: Drs Russotto and Tassistro had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Russotto, Myatra, Laffey, Antolini, Szuldrzyiski, Camporota, Pelosi, Higgs, Greif, Fumagalli, Pesenti, Foti, Bellani.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Russotto, Myatra, Laffey, Tassistro, Antolini, Bauer, Lascarrou, Szuldrzyiski, Sorbello, Putensen, Agvald-Öhman, Chalkias, Bokums, Brewster, Rossi, Foti, Bellani.
Drafting of the manuscript: Russotto, Myatra, Laffey, Tassistro, Lascarrou, Camporota, Higgs, Foti.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Russotto, Myatra, Laffey, Antolini, Bauer, Lascarrou, Szuldrzyiski, Camporota, Pelosi, Sorbello, Greif, Putensen, Agvald-Öhman, Chalkias, Bokums, Brewster, Rossi, Fumagalli, Pesenti, Bellani.
Statistical analysis: Russotto, Laffey, Tassistro, Antolini, Rossi, Foti.
Obtained funding: Bellani.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Russotto, Laffey, Camporota, Putensen, Agvald-Öhman, Chalkias, Brewster, Bellani.
Supervision: Russotto, Myatra, Laffey, Lascarrou, Pelosi, Sorbello, Higgs, Greif, Putensen, Fumagalli, Pesenti, Bellani.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Laffey reported receiving personal fees from Baxter Healthcare and institutional grants from Science Foundation Ireland. Dr Lascarrou reported receiving personal fees from Becton, Dickinson, and Co and Zoll. Dr Sorbello reported receiving personal fees from Teleflex Medical, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Verathon Medical, and other support from Deas Italia (patent coowner no royalties) outside the submitted work. Dr Putensen reported receiving grants from the German Research Foundation Electric Impedance Tomography outside the submitted work. Dr Pesenti reported receiving personal fees from Maquet, Novalung-Xenios, Baxter, and Boehringer Ingelheim. Dr Bellani reported receiving grants from Draeger Medical and personal fees from Dimar, Draeger Medical, Getinge, Flowmeter, Hamilton, and GE Healthcare and having a patent pending for a system for noninvasive ventilation. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This study was funded and supported by the University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: University of Milano-Bicocca had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Group Information: INTUBE Study Investigators are listed in the Supplement.
Additional Contributions: We thank Davide Gaudesi, PhD, from the University of Milano-Bicocca for his support in the electronic case report form development and management. He did not receive any compensation for this work. We also thank Valeria Meroni, MD, Francesca Rabboni, MD, and Manuela Marotta, MD, all from the University of Milan–Bicocca, for their support in data checking and monitoring. None of them received compensation for their contribution.
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