Accepted for Publication: January 27, 2021.
Published Online: April 19, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0433
Correction: This article was corrected on July 6, 2021, to fix errors in the Abstract, Key Points, and text.
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2021 Yao TC et al. JAMA Pediatrics.
Corresponding Authors: Tsung-Chieh Yao, MD, PhD, Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan (yao@adm.cgmh.org.tw); Hui-Ju Tsai, MPH, PhD, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Rd, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan (tsaihj@nhri.edu.tw).
Author Contributions: Drs Yao and H.-J. Tsai had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Yao, Wang, Wu, H.-J. Tsai.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Yao, Wang, S.-M. Chang, Y.-C. Chang, Y.-F. Tsai, Wu, Huang.
Drafting of the manuscript: Yao, Wang, H.-J. Tsai.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: S.-M. Chang, Y.-C. Chang, Y.-F. Tsai.
Obtained funding: Yao, H.-J. Tsai.
Supervision: Yao, Wang, Wu, H.-J. Tsai.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Wu reported receiving grants from GlaxoSmithKline outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This work was supported by grants from National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan (PH-109-PP-08, Dr Tsai), Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST 107-2314-B-400-031-MY3, Dr Tsai; and MOST 106-2314-B-182-051-MY3 and MOST 109-2314-B-182-042-MY3, Dr Yao); research grants from the Headquarters of University Advancement, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (Dr Wang), Chang Gung Medical Foundation (CMRPG3F1711-3, CMRPG3F0361, CMRPG3J0121, and CMRPG3K1371, Dr Yao), and the National Institutes of Health/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1R01HD085993-01, Dr Wu).
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funding source had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Disclaimer: This study is based in part on data from the National Health Insurance Research Database provided by the Bureau of National Health Insurance of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan. The interpretation and conclusions contained in this article do not represent those of the Bureau of National Health Insurance or the Ministry of Health and Welfare.
Additional Contributions: We thank staff members in the Data Science Center of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan, for their data management and maintenance.
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