Corresponding Author: Siri Lillegraven, MD, MPH, PhD, Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, PO Box 23 Vinderen, N-0319 Oslo, Norway (siri.lillegraven@gmail.com).
Accepted for Publication: March 11, 2021.
Author Contributions: Drs Lillegraven and Sexton had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Drs Lillegraven, Paulshus Sundlisæter, and Aga share first authorship.
Concept and design: Lillegraven, Aga, Olsen, Lexberg, Uhlig, Solomon, van der Heijde, Kvien, Haavardsholm.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Lillegraven, Paulshus Sundlisæter, Aga, Sexton, Olsen, Fremstad, Spada, Madland, Høili, Bakland, I. J. W. Hansen, I. M. Hansen, Haukeland, Ljoså, Moholt, Uhlig, Kvien, Haavardsholm.
Drafting of the manuscript: Lillegraven, Paulshus Sundlisæter, Aga, Sexton, Lexberg, Uhlig.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Lillegraven, Aga, Sexton, Olsen, Kvien, Haavardsholm.
Obtained funding: Lillegraven, Høili, Haavardsholm.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Lillegraven, Paulshus Sundlisæter, Aga, Sexton, Spada, Madland, Høili, Bakland, Lexberg, I. J. W. Hansen, I. M. Hansen, Haukeland, Ljoså, Moholt, Kvien, Haavardsholm.
Supervision: Lillegraven, Aga, Lexberg, Uhlig, Kvien, Haavardsholm.
Other—delivery of patient data from our center: Fremstad.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Lillegraven reported receiving grants from the Research Council of Norway and South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority during the conduct of the study. Dr Paulshus Sundlisæter reported receiving grants from the Research Council of Norway and South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority during the conduct of the study. Dr Aga reported receiving personal fees from AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Novartis, and Pfizer outside the submitted work. Dr Olsen reported his institution receiving reimbursement for data management services from Diakonhjemmet Hospital during the conduct of the study. Dr Madland reported receiving personal fees from Novartis for lectures outside the submitted work. Dr Bakland reported receiving personal fees from UCB, AbbVie, and Novartis outside the submitted work. Dr Haukeland reported receiving personal fees from Novartis outside the submitted work. Mrs Moholt reported receiving grants from the Research Council of Norway and South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority during the conduct of the study. Dr Uhlig reported receiving personal fees from Eli Lilly, Novartis, and Pfizer outside the submitted work. Dr Solomon reported receiving nonfinancial support from Amgen and grants from AbbVie, Corrona, Janssen, and Genentech during the conduct of the study. Dr van der Heijde reported receiving personal fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Cyxone, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and UCB Pharma outside the submitted work and serving as director of Imaging Rheumatology BV. Dr Kvien reported receiving grants from AbbVie, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, and Bristol Myers Squibb and personal fees from AbbVie, Biogen, Celltrion, Egis, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mylan, Hikma, Novartis, Oktal, Orion Pharma, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, UCB, and Gilead outside the submitted work. Dr Haavardsholm reported receiving grants from the Research Council of Norway and South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority during the conduct of the study and personal fees from Pfizer, AbbVie, Celgene, Novartis, Janssen, Gilead, Eli Lilly, and UCB outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: The study was funded by the Research Council of Norway and South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Data Sharing Statement: See Supplement 3.
Additional Contributions: We thank the patients who have participated in the study, and we are grateful for the time and effort they have invested in the project. We thank the investigators, study nurses, and medical staff at the study centers for the invaluable contribution to the study. We are grateful to Camilla Fongen (PT, MSc, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, who received compensation for her role as project coordinator) for the contribution to the organization of the study and the data collection; the Department for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine at Oslo University Hospital for analyses of serological markers; our patient partners Ola-Jacob Sønsthagen and Eli Ormerod (BSc) (they did not receive compensation); and the funding sources.
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