Accepted for Publication: March 2, 2021.
Published Online: May 5, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0707
Corresponding Author: Richard A. Brown, PhD, School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX 78712 (brown2@utexas.edu).
Correction: This article was corrected on June 9, 2021, to fix errors in the statistical results and again on November 3, 2021, to correct errors in Table 1. In the Sensitivity Analyses subsection, the adjusted odds ratio and 95% CI labeled “model 1,” 2.14 (95% CI, 1.11-4.11), should have been 2.22 (95% CI, 1.14-4.31). This error also appears in the Visual Abstract. Additionally, for the sensitivity analysis including unit as a covariate, the P value of .02 for the adjusted odds ratio 2.95 (95% CI, 1.26-6.91) should have instead been P = .01. Finally, in Table 2, in the section labeled “Missing equated to smoking,” the values for smoking biochemically verified or verified by a significant other were incorrect. The adjusted odds ratio was presented as 2.14 (95% CI, 1.11-4.11) but should have been 2.22 (95% CI, 1.14-4.31). The second correction fixed errors in Table 1: the number of past attempts at quitting for longer than 24 hours was reported as 3.9 for the usual care group but should have been 4.0; depressive symptoms per the PROMIS-D8a were reported as 18.9 (8.1) for the sustained care group and 19.0 (7.9) for the usual care group but should have been 26.9 (8.2) and 27.1 (7.8), respectively; anxiety symptoms per the PROMIS-A8a were reported as 19.4 (7.7) for the sustained care group and 20.0 (6.8) for the usual care group but should have been 27.4 (7.7) and 28.1 (6.8), respectively; psychotic symptoms per BASIS-24a were reported as 3.7 (4.2) for the sustained care group and 3.6 (3.8) for the usual care group but should have been reported as 0.9 (1.0) and 0.9 (0.9), respectively; emotional lability per BASIS-24a was reported as 6.4 (2.7) for the sustained care group and 6.7 (2.6) for the usual care group but should have been 2.1 (0.9) and 2.3 (0.9), respectively; and the median IQR for the length of hospital stay for the sustained care group was reported as 4 to 8 days but should have been 4 to 7 days. The errors have been corrected online.
The errors have been corrected online.
Author Contributions: Drs Brown and Minami had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analyses.
Concept and design: Brown, Hecht, Kahler, Bloom, Rigotti.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Brown, Minami, Kahler, Price, Kjome, Levy, Carpenter, Smith, Smits, Rigotti.
Drafting of the manuscript: Brown, Bloom, Smits.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Brown, Minami, Hecht, Kahler, Price, Kjome, Bloom, Levy, Carpenter, Smith, Rigotti.
Statistical analysis: Minami, Kahler.
Obtained funding: Brown, Kahler, Bloom.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Brown, Hecht, Kjome, Carpenter, Smith, Smits.
Supervision: Brown, Rigotti.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Brown reports a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health in the conduct of this study, a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse outside of the submitted work, consulting on other grants from the National Institutes of Health, grants from the University of Texas at Austin, personal fees from Influents Innovations for consulting on an grant from the National Institutes of Health, and equity ownership in Health Behavior Solutions Inc, which is developing products for tobacco cessation that are not related to this study. Dr Kahler reports grants outside of the submitted work from the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, and the National Institute on Allergies and Infectious Diseases, as well as support as a coinvestigator and consultant on other grants from the National Institutes of Health and personal fees from University of Texas as a consultant on a National Institutes of Health grant supporting the submitted work during the conduct of the study. Dr Price reports grants and personal fees (for consulting) from the National Institute of Mental Health during the conduct of this study; personal fees for data safety monitoring board membership from Baylor University, Cleveland Clinic, Clexio Biosciences, Worldwide Clinical Trials, and Biohaven Pharmaceuticals; and editorial consulting fees from Wiley and Springer outside the submitted work. In addition, Dr Price had a patent for OCDScales with royalties paid for a psychometric instrument. Dr Bloom reports a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (grant K23DA035288) outside of the submitted work; personal fees from the National Institute of Mental Health for consulting during the conduct of this study; and personal fees from WayBetter Inc outside the submitted work. Dr Levy reports a grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute outside of the submitted work and grants from National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study. Dr Carpenter is an employee of Optum, the provider of the quitline program used in this study. Dr Smits reports grants from National Institute of Mental Health during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Big Health Ltd, Aptinyx, Elsevier, American Psychological Association, and Oxford University Press; and grants from National Institute on Drug Abuse and Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas outside the submitted work. Dr Rigotti reports a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health in the conduct of this study and a grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute outside of the submitted work; fees for consulting for Achieve Life Sciences for an investigational smoking cessation aid that is not related to this study; unpaid consulting and nonfinancial support from Pfizer to travel to a meeting for Pfizer, which markets varenicline, also not used in this study; and royalties from UpToDate for reviews of smoking cessation treatments, outside the submitted work. Dr Minami reported grants from National Institute of Mental Health during the conduct of the study and grants from National Institute on Drug Abuse outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This research was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (grant R01MH104562 [Drs Brown and Rigotti]).
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Data Sharing Statement: See Supplement 2.
2.Cook
BL , Wayne
GF , Kafali
EN , Liu
Z , Shu
C , Flores
M . Trends in smoking among adults with mental illness and association between mental health treatment and smoking cessation.
JAMA. 2014;311(2):172-182. doi:
10.1001/jama.2013.284985
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 4.Streck
JM , Weinberger
AH , Pacek
LR , Gbedemah
M , Goodwin
RD . Cigarette smoking quit rates among persons with serious psychological distress in the United States from 2008-2016: are mental health disparities in cigarette use increasing?
Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(1):130-134.
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 6.Kalkhoran
S , Thorndike
AN , Rigotti
NA , Fung
V , Baggett
TP . Cigarette smoking and quitting-related factors among US adult health center patients with serious mental illness.
J Gen Intern Med. 2019;34(6):986-991. doi:
10.1007/s11606-019-04857-3
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 11.Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental Health Findings. Substance Aubse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2012.
12.Sheals
K , Tombor
I , McNeill
A , Shahab
L . A mixed-method systematic review and meta-analysis of mental health professionals’ attitudes toward smoking and smoking cessation among people with mental illnesses.
Addiction. 2016;111(9):1536-1553. doi:
10.1111/add.13387
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 13.Taylor
G , McNeill
A , Girling
A , Farley
A , Lindson-Hawley
N , Aveyard
P . Change in mental health after smoking cessation: systematic review and meta-analysis.
BMJ. 2014;348:g1151. doi:
10.1136/bmj.g1151
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 20.Dohnke
B , Ziemann
C , Will
KE , Weiss-Gerlach
E , Spies
CD . Do hospital treatments represent a ‘teachable moment’ for quitting smoking? a study from a stage-theoretical perspective.
Psychol Health. 2012;27(11):1291-1307. doi:
10.1080/08870446.2012.672649
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 25.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vital signs: current cigarette smoking among adults aged ≥18 years with mental illness—United States, 2009-2011.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62(5):81-87.
PubMedGoogle Scholar 29.Hecht
J , Rigotti
NA , Minami
H ,
et al. Adaptation of a sustained care cessation intervention for smokers hospitalized for psychiatric disorders: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Contemp Clin Trials. 2019;83:18-26. doi:
10.1016/j.cct.2019.06.001
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 32.Miller
WR , Rollnick
S . Motivational Interviewing: Helping People Change. 3rd ed. The Guildford Press; 2013.
36.Pilkonis
PA , Choi
SW , Reise
SP , Stover
AM , Riley
WT , Cella
D ; PROMIS Cooperative Group. Item banks for measuring emotional distress from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®): depression, anxiety, and anger.
Assessment. 2011;18(3):263-283. doi:
10.1177/1073191111411667
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 37.Cameron
IM , Cunningham
L , Crawford
JR ,
et al. Psychometric properties of the BASIS-24© (Behaviour and Symptom Identification Scale–Revised) mental health outcome measure.
Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2007;11(1):36-43. doi:
10.1080/13651500600885531
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 40.Simon
JA , Carmody
TP , Hudes
ES , Snyder
E , Murray
J . Intensive smoking cessation counseling versus minimal counseling among hospitalized smokers treated with transdermal nicotine replacement: a randomized trial.
Am J Med. 2003;114(7):555-562. doi:
10.1016/S0002-9343(03)00081-0
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 45.Abadie
A , Athey
S , Imbens
G , Wooldridge
J . When should you adjust standard errors for clustering? Published October 2017. Accessed March 26, 2021.
https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.02926 47.Aktas Samur
A , Coskunfirat
N , Saka
O . Comparison of predictor approaches for longitudinal binary outcomes: application to anesthesiology data.
PeerJ. 2014;2:e648. doi:
10.7717/peerj.648
PubMedGoogle Scholar 48.Blankers
M , Smit
ES , van der Pol
P , de Vries
H , Hoving
C , van Laar
M . The missing=smoking assumption: a fallacy in internet-based smoking cessation trials?
Nicotine Tob Res. 2016;18(1):25-33.
PubMedGoogle Scholar 52.Metse
AP , Wiggers
J , Wye
P ,
et al. Efficacy of a universal smoking cessation intervention initiated in inpatient psychiatry and continued post-discharge: a randomised controlled trial.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2017;51(4):366-381. doi:
10.1177/0004867417692424
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 53.Collins
LM , Murphy
SA , Strecher
V . The multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) and the sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART): new methods for more potent eHealth interventions.
Am J Prev Med. 2007;32(5)(suppl):S112-S118. doi:
10.1016/j.amepre.2007.01.022
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 54.Collins
LM . Optimization of Behavioral, Biobehavioral, and Biomedical Interventions: The Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST). Springer; 2018.