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Return to Play for Athletes After COVID-19 InfectionThe Fog Begins to Clear

Educational Objective
To identify the key insights or developments described in this article
1 Credit CME

In October 2020, Kim and colleagues, representing the American College of Cardiology’s Sports and Exercise Council, published recommendations1 for the evaluation of athletes who had tested positive for COVID-19 to ensure safe return to play. The group recommended a tiered approach based on the presence of symptoms, followed by electrocardiography (ECG), injury biomarkers, and echocardiography. Abnormalities were then to be further characterized by the selective use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. The recommendations were based on expert opinion of experienced sports cardiologists, because there were at the time only modest data to inform such a document. A report2 on 26 college athletes who were asymptomatic or had only mild symptoms found CMR evidence of myocarditis in 4 (15%). Both the Kim et al report1 and our Editorial3 at the time called for larger data sets, so that recommendations could be refined and more informed by data.

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Article Information

Corresponding Author: James E. Udelson, MD, Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Box 70, Boston, MA 02111 (judelson@tuftsmedicalcenter.org).

Published Online: May 27, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.2079

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

References
1.
Kim  JH , Levine  BD , Phelan  D ,  et al.  Coronavirus disease 2019 and the athletic heart: emerging perspectives on pathology, risks, and return to play.   JAMA Cardiol. 2021;6(2):219-227. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.5890 PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
2.
Rajpal  S , Tong  MS , Borchers  J ,  et al.  Cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in competitive athletes recovering from COVID-19 infection.  Correction published in JAMA Cardiol. 2021;6(1):123.  JAMA Cardiol. 2021;6(1):116-118. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.4916PubMedGoogle Scholar
3.
Udelson  JE , Curtis  MA , Rowin  EJ .  Return to play for athletes after coronavirus disease 2019 infection-making high-stakes recommendations as data evolve.   JAMA Cardiol. 2021;6(2):136-138. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.5896 PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
4.
Vago  H , Szabo  L , Dohy  Z , Merkely  B .  Cardiac magnetic resonance findings in patients recovered from COVID-19: initial experiences in elite athletes.   JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;S1936-878X(20)31021-4. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.11.014PubMedGoogle Scholar
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Małek  ŁA , Marczak  M , Miłosz-Wieczorek  B ,  et al.  Cardiac involvement in consecutive elite athletes recovered from COVID-19: a magnetic resonance study.   J Magn Reson Imaging. Published January 20, 2021. doi:10.1002/jmri.27513PubMedGoogle Scholar
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Starekova  J , Bluemke  DA , Bradham  WS ,  et al.  Evaluation for myocarditis in competitive student athletes recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.   JAMA Cardiol. 2021;e207444. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.7444PubMedGoogle Scholar
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Clark  DE , Parikh  A , Dendy  JM ,  et al.  COVID-19 myocardial pathology evaluation in athletes with cardiac magnetic resonance (COMPETE CMR).  Correction published in Circulation. 2021;143(6):e238.  Circulation. 2021;143(6):609-612. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052573 PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
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Martinez  MW , Tucker  AM , Bloom  OJ ,  et al.  Prevalence of inflammatory heart disease among professional athletes with prior COVID-19 infection who received systematic return-to-play cardiac screening.   JAMA Cardiol. 2021;e210565. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.0565PubMedGoogle Scholar
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Daniels  CJ , Rajpal  S , Greenshields  JT ,  et al; Big Ten COVID-19 Cardiac Registry Investigators.  Prevalence of clinical and subclinical myocarditis in competitive athletes with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection: results from the Big Ten COVID-19 Cardiac Registry.   JAMA Cardiol. Published online May 27, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.2065Google Scholar
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Eichhorn  C , Bière  L , Schnell  F ,  et al.  Myocarditis in athletes is a challenge: diagnosis, risk stratification, and uncertainties.   JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;13(2 pt 1):494-507. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.01.039 PubMedGoogle Scholar
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Kim  JH .  Screening athletes for myocarditis with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after COVID-19 infection—lessons from an English philosopher.   JAMA Cardiol. Published January 14, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.7463PubMedGoogle Scholar
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Credit Designation Statement: The American Medical Association designates this Journal-based CME activity activity for a maximum of 1.00  AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to:

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