Accepted for Publication: May 5, 2021.
Published: June 16, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.16416
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2021 Gupta K et al. JAMA Network Open.
Corresponding Author: Michael E. Charness, MD, VA Boston Healthcare System, 1400 VFW Pkwy, West Roxbury, MA 02312 (michael.charness@va.gov).
Author Contributions: Drs Charness and Gupta had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Gupta, Charness.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: O’Brien, Bellino, Linsenmeyer, Doshi, Sprague, Charness.
Drafting of the manuscript: Gupta, Bellino, Charness.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Gupta, O’Brien, Linsenmeyer, Doshi, Sprague, Charness.
Statistical analysis: Gupta, O’Brien.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Bellino, Linsenmeyer, Doshi, Sprague.
Supervision: Gupta, Charness.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Gupta reported ownership of equity in Moderna and Abbot Pharmaceuticals in the previous 3 years outside the submitted work. Dr Charness reported ownership of equity in Pfizer currently or in the past 3 years outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This study was not externally funded. All authors are employees of the US Department of Veterans Affairs.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The Department of Veterans Affairs had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Additional Contributions: We are grateful to Kelly Cho, PhD, for statistical expertise regarding the study design and Denver Audyatis, BS, for assistance in obtaining demographic information. These contributions were uncompensated.
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