Corresponding Authors: Victor W. Zhong, PhD, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 415 East No. 1 Bldg, 227 South Chongqing Rd, Shanghai 200025, China (wenze.zhong@shsmu.edu.cn); Hui Wang, MD, PhD, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Rd, Shanghai 200025, China (huiwang@shsmu.edu.cn).
Accepted for Publication: May 31, 2021.
Published Online: June 25, 2021. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.9883
Author Contributions: Dr Zhong had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: L. Wang, Li, Carnethon, Greenland, H. Wang, Zhong.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.
Drafting of the manuscript: L. Wang, Zhong.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: L. Wang, Zhong.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Li, Carnethon, H. Wang, Zhong.
Supervision: Greenland, H. Wang, Zhong.
Discussion with the lead author (and study team) on what should be the ultimate focus of the article and conclusions: Bancks.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Bancks reported receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a coinvestigator with multiple unrelated epidemiologic studies and clinical trials and receiving funding from the NIH for his work with these cohorts, outside the submitted work. Dr Greenland reported receiving grants from NIH and the American Heart Association, outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This study was supported by the Program for Young Eastern Scholar at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Education (QD2020027), the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC2000700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82030099, 81630086), and the Shanghai Public Health System Construction Three-Year Action Plan (GWV-10.1-XK15).
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Disclaimer: Dr Greenland, a JAMA senior editor, was not involved in the review of or decision to publish this article.
Additional Contributions: We thank Danita D. Byrd-Clark, BBA, Social & Scientific Systems, for assisting with the SAS program development for specific analyses related to definition of diabetes and calibration of laboratory measurements across NHANES cycles. Ms Byrd-Clark did not receive financial compensation for her contribution.