Question
Is androgenetic alopecia associated with patients’ health-related quality of life?
Findings
In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 41 studies with 7995 patients, the pooled Dermatology Life Quality Index score for androgenetic alopecia was higher than for other common dermatoses. The pooled Hair-Specific Skindex-29 score showed moderate impairment in the emotion dimension of this assessment tool, whereas the pooled Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score did not show an association with depression.
Meaning
Results of this study show an association between androgenetic alopecia and moderate impairment of not only health-related quality of life but also emotions, suggesting that patients with this disease may need psychological and psychosocial support.
Importance
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is associated with trichodynia, anxiety, low self-esteem, and depression, which have implications for quality of life. However, no systematic evaluation has been performed on the association of AGA with health-related quality of life (HRQOL).
Objective
To systematically examine the association of AGA with HRQOL and psychiatric disorders.
Data Sources
Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and WanFang databases were searched from inception through January 24, 2021.
Study Selection
Case series, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and randomized clinical trials that examined either HRQOL or psychiatric disorders in patients with AGA were included. Studies published in languages other than English and Mandarin were excluded.
Data Extraction and Synthesis
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline was used. The risk of bias in included studies was assessed with the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Intervention (ROBINS-I) tool. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled effect on HRQOL. A subgroup analysis according to sex and geographic regions was also conducted.
Main Outcomes and Measures
The outcome was HRQOL of patients with AGA.
Results
A total of 41 studies involving 7995 patients was included. The pooled Dermatology Life Quality Index score was 8.16 (95% CI, 5.62-10.71). The pooled Hair-Specific Skindex-29 score indicated moderate impairment of emotions, with the meta-analysis showing a score of 29.22 (95% CI, 24.17-34.28) in the emotion dimension. The pooled Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score did not indicate depression, with the meta-analysis showing a score of 14.98 (95% CI, 14.28-15.68). Factors that had a direct association with HRQOL included married or coupled status and receipt of medical treatments, whereas factors that had an inverse association with HRQOL included higher self-rated hair loss severity, lower visual analog scale score, and higher educational level.
Conclusions and Relevance
This systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant association of AGA with moderate impairment of HRQOL and emotions, but no association was found with depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that patients with AGA may need psychological and psychosocial support.