Corresponding Author: Fikadu G. Tafesse, PhD, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239 (tafesse@ohsu.edu).
Accepted for Publication: June 29, 2021.
Published Online: July 21, 2021. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.11656
Author Contributions: Dr Tafesse had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Mr Bates and Mr Leier contributed equally to this work.
Concept and design: Bates, Leier, Lyski, Curlin, Messer, Tafesse.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.
Drafting of the manuscript: Bates, Leier.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Bates, Messer.
Obtained funding: Curlin, Messer, Tafesse.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Bates, Lyski, Goodman, Curlin, Tafesse.
Supervision: Curlin, Messer, Tafesse.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Curlin reported receiving grants from the M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust and the Oregon Health & Science University Foundation for unrestricted COVID-19 research during the conduct of the study. Dr Tafesse reported receiving grants from Oregon Health & Science University Biomedical Innovation Program during the conduct of the study. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This study was funded in part by an unrestricted grant from the M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust, by National Institutes of Health training grant T32AI747225 on Interactions at the Microbe-Host Interface, Oregon Health & Science University Innovative IDEA grant 1018784, and National Institutes of Health grant R01AI145835.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Additional Contributions: We acknowledge the efforts of the Oregon Health & Science University COVID-19 serology research team for their assistance with sample acquisition, data collection, and statistical analysis, including Christopher Malibiran, BS; Cynthia Martinez, BS; David Xthona Lee, BA; Devin Schoen, BS; Felicity Coulter, MS; Haley Miller, BS; Hiro Ross, BS; Joseph Easly, BS; Kristin Bialobok, MSN; Laura Craft, BS; Madison Egan, BS-RD; Madison Wahl, BA; Marcus Curlin; Mari Tasche, BS; Matthew Strnad, BS; Maya Herzig, BS; Olivia Glatt, BA; Peter Sullivan, BA; Rick Mathews, BE; Sara McCrimmon, MPH; Sarah Siegel, PhD; Taylor Anderson, MD; Teresa Xu, BA; and Zhengchun Lu, MBBS-PhD. We also thank Savannah McBride, BA (Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University), for technical help and Endale Tafesse, PhD (Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan), for advice on data analysis. None of these individuals were compensated for their contributions. We are deeply grateful for the Oregon Health & Science University faculty, staff, and patients who contributed to this study.
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