Accepted for Publication: June 6, 2021.
Published: September 17, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.25524
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2021 Warren CM et al. JAMA Network Open.
Corresponding Author: Kari C. Nadeau, MD, PhD, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Dr, BMI Room 1755, Palo Alto, CA 94304 (knadeau@stanford.edu).
Author Contributions: Dr Nadeau had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: A. Lee, Shah, Do, Chang, Park, Shamji, Schilling, Sindher, Tsai, Akdis, Nadeau.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Warren, Snow, A. Lee, Shah, Heider, Blomkalns, Betts, Buzzanco, Gonzalez, Chinthrajah, Do, Dunham, G. Lee, O'Hara, Sisodiya, Smith, Galli, Akdis.
Drafting of the manuscript: Warren, Snow, A. Lee, Shah, Heider, Dunham, Park, Shamji, Sindher, Smith, Nadeau.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Warren, Snow, A. Lee, Shah, Blomkalns, Betts, Buzzanco, Gonzalez, Chinthrajah, Do, Chang, G. Lee, O'Hara, Shamji, Schilling, Sisodiya, Tsai, Galli, Akdis, Nadeau.
Statistical analysis: Snow, Heider.
Obtained funding: Tsai, Nadeau.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Warren, Snow, Blomkalns, Betts, Buzzanco, Gonzalez, Chinthrajah, O'Hara, Park, Shamji, Schilling, Sisodiya, Tsai, Nadeau.
Supervision: Warren, Chinthrajah, Dunham, Sisodiya, Galli, Akdis, Nadeau.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Warren reported receiving personal fees from Alladapt Immunotherapeutics and Food Allergy Research Education outside the submitted work. Dr Chinthrajah reported receiving grants from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Food Allergy Research & Education, Astellas, Regeneron, and Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute and serving on the advisory boards of Alladapt Therapeutics, Novartis, Genentech, Sanofi, Allergenis, and Nutricia outside the submitted work. Dr Sindher reported receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health, Regeneron, DBV Technologies, Aimmune, Novartis, the Consortium of Food Allergy Research, and Food Allergy Research & Education and serving on the advisory committee for AstraZeneca and DBV Technologies during the conduct of the study. Dr Tsai reported receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study. Dr Galli reported receiving grants from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases during the conduct of the study. Dr Akdis reported receiving grants from Novartis, Scibase, Allergopharma, the Swiss National Science Foundation, and the European Commission Horizon 2020 CURE outside the submitted work. Dr Nadeau reported receiving grants from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and Food Allergy Research & Education; serving as director of the World Allergy Organization; serving as advisor for Cour Pharma; serving on the national scientific committee of Immune Tolerance Network and the National Institutes of Health clinical research centers; being cofounder of Before Brands, Latitude, Alladapt, and IgGenix outside the submitted work; and having patents for an oral formula for decreasing food allergy risk and treatment for food allergy, for granulocyte-based methods for detecting and monitoring immune system disorders issued, for methods and assays for detecting and quantifying pure subpopulations of white blood cells in immune system disorders, and for microfluidic device and diagnostic methods for allergy testing based on detection of basophil activation pending. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This study was supported by grant U19AI104209 from the Asthma and Allergic Diseases Cooperative Research Centers, grant R01AI140134 from the National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease SARS Vaccine study, the Parker Foundation, the Crown Foundation, and the Sunshine Foundation.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Additional Contributions: We would also like to acknowledge Vanitha Sampath, PhD (Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University), for her extensive contributions throughout the manuscript preparation and submission processes. She was compensated for her time.
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