Accepted for Publication: September 9, 2021.
Published Online: September 27, 2021. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.16328
Corresponding Author: Kelly C. Young-Wolff, PhD, MPH, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 (kelly.c.young-wolff@kp.org).
Author Contributions: Dr Young-Wolff had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Young-Wolff, Alexeeff, Adams, Does, Ansley, Avalos.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Young-Wolff, Ray, Alexeeff, Adams, Ansley, Avalos.
Drafting of the manuscript: Young-Wolff, Ray.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Ray, Alexeeff, Avalos.
Obtained funding: Young-Wolff, Avalos.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Young-Wolff, Adams, Does, Ansley, Avalos.
Supervision: Young-Wolff, Avalos.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.
Funding/Support: This study was supported by grants DA047405, DA043604, and DA048033 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The National Institute on Drug Abuse had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
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