Accepted for Publication: September 6, 2021.
Published Online: October 27, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.4391
Correction: This article was corrected online on June 14, 2023, to correct the funding information for Dr Powe.
Corresponding Author: Michael C. Honigberg, MD, MPP, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Mail Box CPZN 3.187, Boston, MA 02114 (mhonigberg@mgh.harvard.edu).
Author Contributions: Ms Jowell and Dr Honigberg had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Jowell, Sarma, Vaught, Natarajan, Powe, Honigberg.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Jowell, Gulati, Michos, Honigberg.
Drafting of the manuscript: Jowell, Vaught.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Jowell, Sarma, Gulati, Michos, Natarajan, Powe, Honigberg.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Natarajan.
Supervision: Sarma, Gulati, Vaught, Honigberg.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Sarma reported receiving grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and a CRICO Patient Safety Award outside the submitted work. Dr Michos reported receiving personal fees from the advisory boards of Novartis International AG, Amarin Corporation, Esperion, Therapeutics Inc, and AstraZeneca outside the submitted work. Dr Natarajan reported receiving grants from Amgen Inc, Apple Inc, Boston Scientific Corporation, and AstraZeneca; personal fees from Apple Inc, Blackstone Life Sciences, Novartis International AG, Genentech/Roche, AstraZeneca, and Foresite Labs; and having a spouse who is employed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This study was supported by grants R01HL142711, R01HL148050, R01HL148565, and R01HL151283 from the NHLBI (Dr Natarajan); grant TNE-18CVD04 from Fondation Leducq (Dr Natarajan); a Hassenfeld Scholar Award from Massachusetts General Hospital (Dr Natarajan); grant K23DK113218 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Program (Dr Powe); and grant T32HL094301-07 from the NHLBI (Dr Honigberg).
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The sponsors had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Additional Contributions: Paul Bain, PhD, MLIS, Countway Library, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, assisted with the literature search without compensation.