Accepted for Publication: September 30, 2021.
Published Online: November 22, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.6734
Corresponding Author: Jeremy Samuel Faust, MD, MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 10 Vining St, Boston, MA 02115 (jsfaust@gmail.com).
Author Contributions: Dr Faust had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Faust, Nguemeni Tiako, Barnett.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.
Drafting of the manuscript: Faust, Nguemeni Tiako.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Faust, Chen, Du, Li, Krumholz, Barnett.
Statistical analysis: Faust, Nguemeni Tiako, Li, Barnett.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Chen.
Supervision: Li, Barnett.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Krumholz reports expenses and/or personal fees from UnitedHealth, IBM Watson Health, Element Science, Aetna, Facebook, Siegfried & Jensen law firm, Arnold & Porter law firm, Martin/Baughman law firm, F-Prime Capital, and the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases in Beijing, China; owns Refactor Health and Hugo Health; and has grants and/or contracts from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medtronic, the US Food and Drug Administration, Johnson & Johnson, Foundation for a Smoke-Free World, the Connecticut Department of Public Health, and the Shenzhen Center for Health Information. Dr Barnett reports being retained as an expert witness by government plaintiffs in lawsuits against opioid manufacturers. No other disclosures were reported.
Additional Contributions: We thank the Center for Health Statistics’ Vital Events Data Management program of the Texas Department of State Health Services for helpfully providing data. There was no compensation for the contribution.
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