Corresponding Author: Steven E. Nissen, MD, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Desk JB-20, Cleveland, OH 44195 (nissens@ccf.org).
Accepted for Publication: October 14, 2021.
Published Online: November 11, 2021. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.19569
Author Contributions: Dr Aminian had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Aminian, Al-Kurd, Fayazzadeh, Dasarathy, Schauer.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Aminian, Al-Kurd, Wilson, Bena, Singh, Albaugh, Shariff, Rodriguez, Jin, Brethauer, Dasarathy, Alkhouri, Schauer, McCullough, Nissen.
Drafting of the manuscript: Aminian, Fayazzadeh, Albaugh, Shariff, Jin, Nissen.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Aminian, Al-Kurd, Wilson, Bena, Singh, Albaugh, Shariff, Rodriguez, Brethauer, Dasarathy, Alkhouri, Schauer, McCullough, Nissen.
Statistical analysis: Al-Kurd, Bena, Alkhouri.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Aminian, Wilson, Fayazzadeh, Albaugh, Shariff, Dasarathy, Schauer, McCullough, Nissen.
Supervision: Aminian, Dasarathy, Nissen.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Aminian reported receiving research support and speaking honoraria from Medtronic. Dr Brethauer reported being a consultant for GI Windows and receiving speaking honoraria from Medtronic. Dr Dasarathy reported being supported by research grants from the National Institutes of Health. Dr Alkhouri reported being on an advisory board or review panel for Echosens, Fibronostics, Gilead, Intercept, Perspectum, Pfizer, and Zydus; receiving research support from 89Bio, Akero, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech, Gilead, Intercept, Madrigal, NGM Bio, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Viking, and Zydus; and being a speaker for AbbVie, Alexion Echosens, Gilead, and Intercept. Dr Schauer reported being a consultant for GI Dynamics, Keyron, Persona, and Mediflix; receiving research support from Ethicon, Medtronic, and Pacira; receiving honoraria from Ethicon, Medtronic, BD Surgical, and Gore; and having an ownership interest in SE Healthcare LLC. Dr Nissen reported receiving research support from Medtronic and Ethicon. No other disclosures were reported.
Meeting Presentation: This study was presented in part in the Latest Science Session at the European Society of Cardiology Congress on August 27, 2021.
Additional Contributions: We acknowledge Mary Ellen Satava, BSN (Cleveland Clinic), for her help in collecting some of the data. She did not receive compensation for her role in the study.
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