Accepted for Publication: November 14, 2021.
Published: January 10, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.42796
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2022 Stankiewicz Karita HC et al. JAMA Network Open.
Corresponding Author: Helen C. Stankiewicz Karita, MD, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Mailstop 359928, Seattle, WA 98104 (helensk@uw.edu).
Author Contributions: Drs Barnabas and Brown had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Drs Stankiewicz Karita and Dong contributed equally to this work as co–first authors.
Concept and design: Stankiewicz Karita, Dong, Neuzil, Thorpe, Deming, Celum, Chu, Baeten, Wald, Brown.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Stankiewicz Karita, Dong, Johnston, Neuzil, Paasche-Orlow, Kissinger, Bershteyn, Thorpe, Kottkamp, Laufer, Landovitz, Luk, Hoffman, Roychoudhury, Magaret, Greninger, Huang, Jerome, Wener, Chu, Baeten, Wald, Barnabas, Brown.
Drafting of the manuscript: Stankiewicz Karita, Dong, Kissinger, Kottkamp, Wald, Brown.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Stankiewicz Karita, Dong, Johnston, Neuzil, Paasche-Orlow, Kissinger, Bershteyn, Thorpe, Deming, Kottkamp, Laufer, Landovitz, Luk, Hoffman, Roychoudhury, Magaret, Greninger, Huang, Jerome, Wener, Celum, Chu, Baeten, Wald, Barnabas.
Statistical analysis: Dong, Magaret, Wald, Brown.
Obtained funding: Jerome, Celum, Baeten, Barnabas.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Stankiewicz Karita, Paasche-Orlow, Deming, Kottkamp, Laufer, Luk, Hoffman, Roychoudhury, Greninger, Huang, Jerome, Wener, Chu, Baeten, Wald.
Supervision: Johnston, Bershteyn, Thorpe, Kottkamp, Laufer, Roychoudhury, Greninger, Jerome, Chu, Baeten, Wald, Barnabas, Brown.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Stankiewicz Karita reported receiving grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) during the conduct of the study. Dr Dong reported receiving grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation during the conduct of the study. Dr Johnston reported receiving royalties from UpToDate; personal fees from AbbVie, Gilead, and MedPace; and grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation outside the submitted work. Dr Neuzil reported receiving grants from Pfizer grant to her institution for a COVID-19 vaccine trial during the conduct of the study. Dr Bershteyn reported receiving grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation during the conduct of the study; grants from the NIH and the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene; and personal fees from Gates Ventures outside the submitted work. Dr Landovitz reported serving on the scientific advisory board for Gilead Sciences and Merck Inc; and receiving honoraria for conference presentations from Janssen and Cepheid outside the submitted work. Dr Luk reported receiving grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation during the conduct of the study. Dr Magaret reported receiving personal fees from Prevencio Inc outside the submitted work. Dr Greninger reported having a contract from Abbott Molecular; receiving grants from Merck; and receiving grants from Gilead outside the submitted work. Dr Wener reported receiving grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation during the conduct of the study. Dr Celum reported receiving personal fees from Merck and Gilead outside the submitted work. Dr Chu reported receiving grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Ellume, Merck, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Pfizer, and Glaxo Smith Kline; grants from Gates Ventures and Sanofi Pasteur; and reagents from from Cepheid and Ellume outside the submitted work. Dr Baeten reported receiving grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation during the conduct of the study; and being an employee of Gilead Sciences outside the submitted work. Dr Wald reported receiving grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation during the conduct of the study; nonfinancial support from Merck; personal fees from Aicuris, X-Vax, Crozet, and Auritec; and grants from GSK and Sanofi outside the submitted work. Dr Barnabas reported receiving grants from the NIH and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation during the conduct of the study; and nonfinancial support from Regeneron Pharmaceuticals outside the submitted work. Dr Brown reported receiving grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation during the conduct of the study; and grants from the NIH; and personal fees from Merck outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This study was supported by award INV-016204 from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Dr Stankiewicz Karita is funded by the Research Supplement from the National Cancer Institute at the NIH (grant R01 CA213130-S) and the Department of Medicine Diversity Academic Development Scholar Award at the University of Washington. Dr Deming is funded by the Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium through the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the NIH, under award number UM1AI148684.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
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