Corresponding Author: Edward F. Bell, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 (edward-bell@uiowa.edu).
Correction: This article was corrected on June 7, 2022, for a technical problem in Supplement 2.
Accepted for Publication: December 10, 2021.
Author Contributions: Ms Hansen and Dr Das had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Bell, Hintz, Vohr, Stoll, Rysavy.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Bell, Hintz, Hansen, Bann, Wyckoff, DeMauro, Walsh, Stoll, Carlo, Van Meurs, Rysavy, Patel, Merhar, Sánchez, Laptook, Hibbs, Cotten, D’Angio, Winter, Fuller, Das.
Drafting of the manuscript: Bell, Hintz, Vohr.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Hansen, Bann, Das.
Obtained funding: Bell, Wyckoff, Walsh, Stoll, Van Meurs, Patel, Merhar, Sánchez, Hibbs, D’Angio, Das.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Hintz, Wyckoff, Stoll, Carlo, Van Meurs, Sánchez, Hibbs.
Supervision: Bell, Hintz, Wyckoff, Van Meurs, Sánchez, Hibbs, Cotten, D’Angio, Das.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Drs Bell, Hintz, Walsh, Vohr, Rysavy, Merhar, Laptook, Hibbs, and Fuller reported receiving grant(s) from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) outside the submitted work. Dr DeMauro reported receiving grants from the NIH outside the submitted work and a grant from the Thrasher Research Fund. Dr Carlo reported receiving grants from the NIH outside the submitted work and grants from the Thrasher Research Fund, the University of Virginia, the Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, and the Gates Foundation. Dr Van Meurs reported receiving grants from the NIH outside the submitted work and grants from the Thrasher Foundation and serving on a scientific advisory board for Greenwich Biosciences. Dr Patel reported serving on the data monitoring committee for a trial by Infant Bacterial Therapeutics/Premier Research. Dr Sánchez reported receiving grants from Merck and AstraZeneca (MedImmune). Dr Cotten reported receiving grants from the NIH outside the submitted work and a grant from the Robertson Foundation. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: The NIH, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Center for Research Resources, and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences provided grant support for the Neonatal Research Network Generic Database and Follow-up studies to maintain high-risk preterm infant registries through the following cooperative agreements: U10 HD021373, UG1 HD021364, UG1 HD021385, UG1 HD027851, UG1 HD027853, UG1 HD027856, UG1 HD027880, UG1 HD027904, UG1 HD034216, UG1 HD036790, UG1 HD040492, UG1 HD040689, UG1 HD053089, UG1 HD053109, UG1 HD068244, UG1 HD068263, UG1 HD068270, UG1 HD068278, UG1 HD068284, UG1 HD087226, UG1 HD087229, UL1 TR000006, UL1 TR000041, UL1 TR000042, UL1 TR000077, UL1 TR000093, UL1 TR000105, UL1 TR000442, UL1 TR000454, and UL1 TR001117.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health staff had input into the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Group Information: The members of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network appear in Supplement 2.
Disclaimer: The content of the article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.
Additional Contributions: Participating Neonatal Research Network sites collected data and transmitted them to RTI International, the data coordinating center for the network, which stored, managed, and analyzed the data for this study. We are indebted to our medical and nursing colleagues and the infants and their parents who agreed to take part in this study.
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