Corresponding Author: Kao-Ping Chua, MD, PhD, Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 300 N Ingalls St, SPC 5456, Room 6E18, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5456 (chuak@med.umich.edu).
Accepted for Publication: December 20, 2021.
Published Online: January 13, 2022. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.24352
Author Contributions: Dr Chua had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Chua, Conti.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.
Drafting of the manuscript: Chua.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Chua, Conti.
Supervision: Conti.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Chua reported receiving personal fees from the Benter Foundation outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: Funding for purchasing the data was partially provided by the Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School. Dr Chua’s work is supported by a career development award from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (grant 1K08DA048110-01).
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.