Accepted for Publication: February 22, 2022.
Published: April 14, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.7038
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND License. © 2022 Niesen MJM et al. JAMA Network Open.
Corresponding Authors: Venky Soundararajan, PhD, nference, One Main St, East Arcade, Cambridge, MA 02142 (venky@nference.net); Andrew Badley, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 (badley.andrew@mayo.edu).
Author Contributions: Drs Soundararajan and Badley had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Drs Niesen, Pawlowski, and O’Horo made equal contributions.
Concept and design: Niesen, Pawlowski, O’Horo, Challener, Silvert, Lenehan, Swift, Speicher, Halamka, Venkatakrishnan, Soundararajan, Badley.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Niesen, Pawlowski, O’Horo, Silvert, Donadio, Virk, Gordon, Geyer, Badley.
Drafting of the manuscript: Niesen, Pawlowski, Silvert, Donadio, Venkatakrishnan, Soundararajan.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Niesen, Pawlowski, O’Horo, Challener, Lenehan, Virk, Swift, Speicher, Gordon, Geyer, Halamka, Soundararajan, Badley.
Statistical analysis: Niesen, Pawlowski, Silvert, Donadio, Gordon.
Administrative, technical, or material support: O’Horo, Silvert, Gordon, Halamka, Badley.
Supervision: Niesen, O’Horo, Venkatakrishnan, Soundararajan, Badley.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Drs Niesen and Soundararajan reported being employees of nference, which is collaborating with biopharmaceutical companies on data science initiatives unrelated to this study. Dr Pawlowski reported receiving personal fees from nference outside the submitted work. Dr O’Horo reported receiving grants from nference and Mitre, receiving consulting fees from Bates College, and owning privately purchased stock from Doximity outside the submitted work. Dr Silvert reported receiving personal fees from nference as an employer during the conduct of the study and outside the submitted work. Dr Lenehan reported employment by nference. Dr Virk reported receiving personal fees from Moderna outside the submitted work. Dr Swift reported receiving grants from the Pfizer Healthcare Worker Exposure Response and Outcomes (HEROE) vaccine registry via Duke University outside the submitted work. Dr Badley reported receiving grants from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Amfar, and Mayo Clinic; consulting fees for AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Freedom Tunnel, PineTree Therapeutics, Primmune Therapeutics, Immunome, MarPam Pharma, Rion, Symbiosis, and Flambeau Diagnostics; and personal fees from Corvus Pharmaceuticals, Equillium, CSL Behring, Excision BioTherapeutics, ReachMD, PeerVoice, and Medscape; owning equity for scientific advisory work in Zentalis, Rion, and nference; and serving as founder and president of Splissen Therapeutics. No other disclosures were reported.
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