Accepted for Publication: February 28, 2022.
Published: April 22, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.7629
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2022 Patel K et al. JAMA Network Open.
Corresponding Author: Praveetha Patalay, PhD, MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, Floor 5, London, WC1E 7HB (p.patalay@ucl.ac.uk).
Author Contributions: Drs Patalay and Katikireddi had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Drs Patel, Kwong, Griffith, and Green and Mss Robertson and Willan are joint first authors. Drs Patalay, Porteous, and Katikireddi are joint last authors.
Concept and design: Patel, Kwong, Griffith, Green, McElroy, Maddock, Niedzwiedz, Henderson, Richards, Ploubidis, Fitzsimons, Patalay, Katikireddi.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Patel, Robertson, Kwong, Griffith, Willan, Green, Di Gessa, Huggins, McElroy, Thompson, Henderson, Richards, Steptoe, Ploubidis, Moltrecht, Booth, Silverwood, Patalay, Porteous, Katikireddi.
Drafting of the manuscript: Patel, Robertson, Kwong, Griffith, Willan, Green, Henderson, Richards, Moltrecht, Patalay, Katikireddi.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Patel, Kwong, Griffith, Green, Di Gessa, Huggins, McElroy, Thompson, Maddock, Niedzwiedz, Richards, Steptoe, Ploubidis, Moltrecht, Booth, Fitzsimons, Silverwood, Patalay, Porteous, Katikireddi.
Statistical analysis: Patel, Kwong, Griffith, Willan, Green, Di Gessa, Huggins, McElroy, Thompson, Silverwood.
Obtained funding: Henderson, Steptoe, Ploubidis, Fitzsimons, Patalay, Porteous, Katikireddi.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Robertson, Kwong, Griffith, McElroy, Thompson, Niedzwiedz, Steptoe, Booth.
Supervision: Steptoe, Patalay, Porteous, Katikireddi.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Ms Robertson reported receiving grants from the Medical Research Council (MRC) and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office during the conduct of the study. Dr Griffith reports holding a postdoctoral post funded by the MRC and receiving a postdoctoral fellowship from grants from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) during the conduct of the study. Dr Green reported receiving grants from the MRC during the conduct of the study. Dr Huggins reported receiving grants from the Wellcome Trust during the conduct of the study. Dr Niedzwiedz reported receiving grants from the MRC during the conduct of the study and outside the submitted work. Dr Henderson reported grants from ESRC during the conduct of the study. Dr Katikireddi reported receiving grants from the MRC and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office during the conduct of the study; serving as cochair of the Scottish Government’s Expert Reference Group on Ethnicity and COVID-19; being a member of the UK Government’s Scientific Advisory Group on Emergencies subgroup on ethnicity; and being a member of the UK Cabinet Office’s International Best Practice Advisory Group. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This work was supported by the National Core Studies, an initiative funded by UK Research and Innovation, the National Institute for Health Research, and the Health and Safety Executive. The COVID-19 Longitudinal Health and Wellbeing National Core Study was funded by the MRC (MC PC 20059). Full funding acknowledgements for each individual study can be found as part of eAppendix 6 in the Supplement.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Additional Contributions: The contributing studies have been made possible because of the tireless dedication, commitment and enthusiasm of the many people who have taken part. We would like to thank the participants and the numerous team members involved in the studies including interviewers, technicians, researchers, administrators, managers, health professionals, and volunteers. We are additionally grateful to our funders for their financial input and support in making this research happen. Specifically, we thank Claire Steves, Ruth C. E. Bowyer, Deborah Hart, María Paz García, and Rachel Horsfall (Twins UK); Nicholas J. Timpson, Kate Northstone, and Rebecca M. Pearson (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; more information in eAppendix 7 in the Supplement); Drew Altschul, Chloe Fawns-Ritchie, Archie Campbell, and Robin Flaig (Generation Scotland); Michaela Benzeval (Understanding Society); Andrew Wong, Maria Popham, Karen MacKinnon, Imran Shah, and Philip Curran (1946 National Survey of Health and Development); our colleagues in survey, data, and cohort maintenance teams (the Millennium Cohort Study, Next Steps, 1970 British Cohort Study, National Child Development Study); John Wright and Dan Mason and other colleagues in cohort, survey, data maintenance teams (Born in Bradford).
Additional Information: Dr McElroy had full access to the Millenium Cohort Study, Next Steps, the 1970 British Cohort Study, and the National Child Development Study; Dr Patel, 1946 National Survey of Health and Development; Dr Kwong, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; Dr Green, Understanding Society; Dr Di Gessa, English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; Dr Huggins, Generation Scotland; Ellen Thompson, Twins UK; and Ms Willan, Born in Bradford.
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