Accepted for Publication: March 7, 2022.
Published: April 26, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.8954
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2022 Hatef E et al. JAMA Network Open.
Corresponding Author: Elham Hatef, MD, MPH, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N Broadway, Room 502, Baltimore, MD 21218 (ehatef1@jhu.edu).
Author Contributions: Mr Lans had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Hatef, Bandeian, Lasser, Goldsack, Weiner.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Hatef, Lans, Bandeian, Lasser, Weiner.
Drafting of the manuscript: Hatef, Lans, Lasser.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Hatef, Bandeian, Goldsack, Weiner.
Statistical analysis: Lans, Bandeian.
Obtained funding: Weiner.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Lasser, Goldsack, Weiner.
Supervision: Hatef, Weiner.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Drs Hatef, Lasser, and Weiner had a contract with the American Telehealth Association during the conduct of the study. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This study was funded by the Center for Population Health Information Technology at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (Drs Hatef, Lasser, and Weiner) and Blue Health Intelligence and partially funded by the American Telemedicine Association (Drs Hatef, Lasser, and Weiner).
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The Center for Population Health Information Technology at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Blue Health Intelligence had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The American Telemedicine Association reviewed and commented on the conduct of the study, but did not play any other role in the study design; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Disclaimer: The content of this article is the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the positions of the Johns Hopkins University or Blue Health Intelligence or the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association or the American Telemedicine Association.
Additional Contributions: Lauren Tansky, BS, Center for Population Health Information Technology, provided technical support in the preparation of tables. She was compensated for her work. We are grateful to Blue Health Intelligence and the health plans who contributed to this database for making these data available.