Corresponding Author: Sarah Averbach, MD, MAS, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Family Planning, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9300 Campus Point Dr, #7433, La Jolla, CA 92037 (saverbach@health.ucsd.edu).
Published Online: May 6, 2022. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.5448
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Averbach reports grants from National Institutes of Health and Society of Family Planning Research Fund outside the submitted work and serving as an advisor to Bayer on insertion technique for immediate postpartum intrauterine device placement. No other disclosures were reported.
Additional Contributions: We thank Eve Espey, MD, MPH (University of New Mexico), for her assistance in reviewing the manuscript.
2.Committee on Practice Bulletins-Gynecology, Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Work Group. Practice Bulletin No. 186: long-acting reversible contraception.
Obstet Gynecol. 2017;130(5):e251-e269.
PubMedGoogle Scholar 3.Curtis
KM , Tepper
NK , Jatlaoui
TC ,
et al. US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use, 2016.
MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016;65(3):1-103.
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 4.Richards
M , Teal
SB , Sheeder
J . Risk of luteal phase pregnancy with any-cycle-day initiation of subdermal contraceptive implants.
Contraception. 2017;95(4):364-370.
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 5.Turok
DK , Gero
A , Simmons
RG ,
et al. Levonorgestrel vs. copper intrauterine devices for emergency contraception.
N Engl J Med. 2021;384(4):335-344.
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 6.Stanton
TA , Blumenthal
PD . Postpartum hormonal contraception in breastfeeding women.
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2019;31(6):441-446.
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 7.Averbach
SH , Ermias
Y , Jeng
G ,
et al. Expulsion of intrauterine devices after postpartum placement by timing of placement, delivery type, and intrauterine device type.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;223(2):177-188.
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 8.Armstrong
MA , Raine-Bennett
T , Reed
SD ,
et al. Association of the timing of postpartum intrauterine device insertion and breastfeeding with risks of intrauterine device expulsion.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(2):e2148474.
PubMedGoogle Scholar 9.Mody
SK , Farala
JP , Jimenez
B ,
et al. Paracervical block for intrauterine device placement among nulliparous women.
Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132(3):575-582.
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 10.Teal
SB , Turok
DK , Chen
BA ,
et al. Five-year contraceptive efficacy and safety of a levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine system.
Obstet Gynecol. 2019;133(1):63-70.
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref