Accepted for Publication: April 4, 2022.
Published: May 23, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.13253
Correction: This article was corrected on June 22, 2022, to fix some incorrect labels in Figures 1 and 2; the label “Neurosymptomatic patients” had been incorrectly written as “Asymptomatic patients.”
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2022 Edén A et al. JAMA Network Open.
Corresponding Author: Arvid Edén, MD, PhD, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg SE-416 50, Sweden (arvid.eden@gu.se).
Author Contributions: Dr Edén had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Edén, Schöll, Sigal, Stengelin, Gisslén.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Edén, Grahn, Bremell, Aghvanyan, Bathala, Fuchs, Gostner, Hagberg, Kanberg, Kanjananimmanont, Lindh, Misaghian, Nilsson, Sigal, Stentoft, Studahl, Yilmaz, Wang, Stengelin, Zetterberg, Gisslén.
Drafting of the manuscript: Edén, Gisslén.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Edén, Bathala, Misaghian, Nilsson, Wang, Gisslén.
Obtained funding: Edén, Schöll, Gisslén.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Bathala, Fuchs, Gostner, Kanberg, Kanjananimmanont, Lindh, Misaghian, Schöll, Sigal, Stentoft, Yilmaz, Wang, Stengelin, Gisslén.
Supervision: Edén, Grahn, Bremell, Sigal, Studahl, Gisslén.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Schöll reported receiving grants from the Wallenberg Foundation, Swedish Research Council, and Swedish Brain Foundation during the conduct of the study. Dr Zetterberg reported receiving advisory board fees from AbbVie, Alector, Annexon, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Nervgen, Pinteon Therapeutics, Red Abbey Labs, Passage Bio, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, lecture fees from Cellectricon, Roche, Fujirebio, Alzecure, and Biogen, and cofounding and owing stock in Brain Biomarker Solutions outside the submitted work. Dr Gisslén reported receiving grants from the Swedish state under an agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, SciLifeLab from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, and the Swedish Research Council during the conduct of the study. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: Dr Gisslén is supported by grants KAW 2020.0182 and KAW 2020.0241 from the SciLifeLab National COVID-19 Research Program, financed by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish state, under agreement ALFGBG-717531 between the Swedish government and the county councils and agreement 2021-06545 of the Swedish Research Council. Dr Zetterberg is a Wallenberg Scholar supported by grant 2018-02532 from the Swedish Research Council, grant 681712 from the European Research Council, grant ALFGBG-720931 from the Swedish State Support for Clinical Research, grant 201809-2016862 from the Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation, grants ADSF-21-831376-C, ADSF-21-831381-C, and ADSF-21-831377-C from the AD Strategic Fund, the Alzheimer's Association, the Olav Thon Foundation, the Erling-Persson Family Foundation, grant FO2019-0228 from the Stiftelsen för Gamla Tjänarinnor, Hjärnfonden, Sweden, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 860197, grant JPND2021-00694 from the European Union Joint Program for Neurodegenerative Disorders, and the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL. Dr Schöll is supported by grant KAW2014.036 from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine), grants 2017-02869, 2021-02678, and 2021-06545 from the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, ALF agreements ALFGBG-813971 and ALFGBG-965326, and grants FO2021-0311 from the Swedish Brain Foundation.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Meeting Presentation: Presented at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) 2022 (virtual); February 16, 2022.
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