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Health Inequities

Assessment of Digital and Community-Based Outreach Interventions to Encourage COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in an Underserved Community

To identify the key insights or developments described in this article

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JAMA Network Open

Published Online: June 22, 2022

Research Letter

Article Information and Disclosures

Daniela Diaz, MD^1,2;

Sharon Chacko, MD^1,2;

Anne Sperling, MPH¹;

Elaine Fleck, MD^1,2;

Irene Louh, MD^1,2;

Richard Trepp, MD^1,3;

Siqin Ye, MD, MS²

Author Affiliations

¹NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York
²Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
³Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York

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Non-Hispanic Black (hereafter, Black) and Hispanic patients have higher risk for COVID-19 infection and hospitalization,¹^,2 but have lower rates of COVID-19 vaccination³ because of factors such as limited access to care, lack of outreach, technology and language barriers, and mistrust of health systems.⁴ To address this, we conducted 2 concurrent interventions at the NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital’s vaccination site at the Armory, located in a racially and ethnically diverse neighborhood in Northern Manhattan: (1) a digital redesign to restrict online self-scheduling for vaccination to local zip codes with underserved racial and ethnic minority patient populations⁴ and (2) direct outreach to educate and schedule patients through community-based organizations (CBO).⁴^,5 Here we describe changes in race and ethnicity makeup of COVID-19 vaccine recipients before and after these interventions.

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Article Information

Accepted for Publication: April 29, 2022.

Published: June 22, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.17875

Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2022 Diaz D et al. JAMA Network Open.

Corresponding Author: Daniela Diaz, MD, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, 610 West 158th St, New York, NY 10032 (dd2446@cumc.columbia.edu).

Author Contributions: Dr Ye had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Concept and design: All authors.

Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Diaz, Sperling, Louh, Ye.

Drafting of the manuscript: Chacko, Ye.

Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.

Statistical analysis: Ye.

Administrative, technical, or material support: Chacko, Sperling, Fleck, Louh, Ye.

Supervision: Sperling, Ye.

Other: Fleck.

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

References

Magesh S , John D , Li WT , et al. Disparities in COVID-19 outcomes by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status: a systematic-review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(11):e2134147-e2134147. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.34147 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

Ogedegbe G , Ravenell J , Adhikari S , et al. Assessment of racial/ethnic disparities in hospitalization and mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York City. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(12):e2026881-e2026881. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.26881 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

Reitsma MB , Goldhaber-Fiebert JD , Salomon JA . Quantifying and benchmarking disparities in COVID-19 vaccination rates by race and ethnicity. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130343-e2130343. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30343 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

Jean-Jacques M , Bauchner H . Vaccine distribution-equity left behind? JAMA. 2021;325(9):829-830. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.1205 PubMed Google Scholar Crossref

Iyasere J , Garcia A , Prabhu D , Procaccino A , Spaziani KJ . Trustworthy and trusted: strategies to improve confidence in Covid-19 vaccines. NEJM Catal Innov Care Deliv. Published online 2021. doi:10.1056/CAT.21.0046 Google Scholar

Press VG , Huisingh-Scheetz M , Arora VM . Inequities in technology contribute to disparities in COVID-19 vaccine distribution. JAMA Health Forum. 2021;2(3):e210264-e210264. doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.0264 Google Scholar Crossref

AMA CME Accreditation Information

Credit Designation Statement: The American Medical Association designates this Journal-based CME activity activity for a maximum of 1.00  AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to:

1.00 Medical Knowledge MOC points in the American Board of Internal Medicine's (ABIM) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program;;
1.00 Self-Assessment points in the American Board of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery’s (ABOHNS) Continuing Certification program;
1.00 MOC points in the American Board of Pediatrics’ (ABP) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program;
1.00 Lifelong Learning points in the American Board of Pathology’s (ABPath) Continuing Certification program; and
1.00 CME points in the American Board of Surgery’s (ABS) Continuing Certification program

It is the CME activity provider's responsibility to submit participant completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting MOC credit.