Corresponding Author: Hannes Schwandt, PhD, Northwestern University, 2120 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 (schwandt@northwestern.edu).
Accepted for Publication: June 9, 2022.
Published Online: July 7, 2022. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.10952
Author Contributions: Dr Schwandt had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Schwandt, Currie, von Wachter, Kowarski.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.
Drafting of the manuscript: Schwandt, Currie.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Schwandt, von Wachter, Kowarski, Chapman.
Obtained funding: von Wachter.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Schwandt.
Supervision: Currie, von Wachter, Woolf.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Schwandt reported receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study. Dr von Wachter reported receiving grants from the National Institute of Health during the conduct of the study. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This research was supported by the US National Institute on Aging through grant #P01AG005842 to the National Bureau of Economic Research. Dr Woolf received partial funding from grant UL1TR002649 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Additional Contributions: This research was facilitated by the California Policy Lab, University of California Los Angeles, which helped access the data, hosted the research on its secure infrastructure, and provided financial support. We thank David Cutler, PhD (Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts), Angus Deaton, PhD (Department of Economics, Princeton University), and Jonathan Skinner, PhD (Department of Economics, Dartmouth College, Hanover New Hampshire), who provided helpful comments. None of these individuals received compensation for their contributions.
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