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Obesity and Weight Management for Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

To identify the key insights or developments described in this article
1 Credit CME

Type 2 diabetes is a disease characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction resulting in hyperglycemia. An estimated 34 million people in the US (about 1 in 10) have diabetes, of whom an estimated 90% to 95% have type 2 diabetes.1 The risk of type 2 diabetes increases with obesity, and weight loss is associated with improved glycemic control. Both obesity and type 2 diabetes increase risk of cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death in the US.

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Article Information

Corresponding Author: Adam S. Cifu, MD, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 3051, Chicago, IL 60637 (adamcifu@uchicago.edu).

Published Online: July 11, 2022. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.10338

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

References
1.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Statistics Report 2020: Estimates of Diabetes and its Burden in the United States. Accessed July 1, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pdfs/data/statistics/national-diabetes-statistics-report.pdf
2.
Draznin  B , Aroda  VR , Bakris  G ,  et al.  Obesity and weight management for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes—2022.   Diabetes Care. 2022;45(suppl 1):S113-S124. doi:10.2337/dc22-S008PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
3.
Franz  MJ , Boucher  JL , Rutten-Ramos  S , VanWormer  JJ .  Lifestyle weight-loss intervention outcomes in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes.   J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015;115(9):1447-1463. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.02.031PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
4.
Cai  X , Yang  W , Gao  X ,  et al.  Baseline body mass index and the efficacy of hypoglycemic treatment in type 2 diabetes.   PLoS One. 2016;11(12):e0166625. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166625PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
5.
Ikramuddin  S , Korner  J , Lee  W-J ,  et al.  Durability of addition of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass to lifestyle intervention and medical management in achieving primary treatment goals for uncontrolled type 2 diabetes in mild to moderate obesity.   Diabetes Care. 2016;39(9):1510-1518. doi:10.2337/dc15-2481PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
6.
Schauer  PR , Bhatt  DL , Kirwan  JP ,  et al.  Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy for diabetes—5-year outcomes.   N Engl J Med. 2017;376(7):641-651. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1600869PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
7.
Syn  NL , Cummings  DE , Wang  LZ ,  et al.  Association of metabolic-bariatric surgery with long-term survival in adults with and without diabetes.   Lancet. 2021;397(10287):1830-1841. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00591-2PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
8.
Garvey  WT , Mechanick  JI , Brett  EM ,  et al.  American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for medical care of patients with obesity.   Endocr Pract. 2016;22(3)(suppl 3):1-203. doi:10.4158/EP161365.GLPubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
AMA CME Accreditation Information

Credit Designation Statement: The American Medical Association designates this Journal-based CME activity activity for a maximum of 1.00  AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to:

  • 1.00 Medical Knowledge MOC points in the American Board of Internal Medicine's (ABIM) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program;;
  • 1.00 Self-Assessment points in the American Board of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery’s (ABOHNS) Continuing Certification program;
  • 1.00 MOC points in the American Board of Pediatrics’ (ABP) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program;
  • 1.00 Lifelong Learning points in the American Board of Pathology’s (ABPath) Continuing Certification program; and
  • 1.00 CME points in the American Board of Surgery’s (ABS) Continuing Certification program

It is the CME activity provider's responsibility to submit participant completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting MOC credit.

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