Accepted for Publication: May 29, 2022.
Published: July 20, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.22116
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2022 Patel MS et al. JAMA Network Open.
Corresponding Author: Mitesh S. Patel, MD, MBA, Ascension, 4600 Edmundson Rd, St Louis, MO 63134 (mitesh.patel3@ascension.org).
Author Contributions: Dr. Patel had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Patel, Fogel, Habash, Brinson, Price, Yehia.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Patel, Winegar, Horseman, Ottenbacher, Habash, Dukes, Brinson, Price, Masoudi, Cacchione.
Drafting of the manuscript: Patel, Dukes, Brinson.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Fogel, Winegar, Horseman, Ottenbacher, Habash, Dukes, Brinson, Price, Masoudi, Cacchione, Yehia.
Statistical analysis: Winegar, Horseman, Dukes, Price.
Obtained funding: Patel.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Winegar, Ottenbacher, Dukes, Brinson, Price, Cacchione, Yehia.
Supervision: Patel, Fogel, Winegar, Price.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Patel reported receiving personal fees from Catalyst Health, Humana, and GlaxoSmithKline outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This study was funded internally by Ascension.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Data Sharing Statement: See Supplement 3.