Accepted for Publication: July 12, 2022.
Published Online: July 22, 2022. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.12992
Corresponding Author: Jaehun Jung, MD, PhD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, 38-13, Dokjeom-ro 3, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea (eastside1st@gmail.com).
Author Contributions: Dr Jung had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Drs Kim and Huh contributed equally to this work.
Concept and design: Kim, Huh, Jung.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.
Drafting of the manuscript: Kim, Huh, Jung.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Kim, Huh, Jung.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Park, Peck, Jung.
Supervision: Jung.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Huh reported grants from bioMérieux outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Additional Contributions: We thank Do Tae Kang, MS; Soon-Ae Shin, PhD; Jong-Heon Park, MD, PhD; and Jai Yong Kim, MD, PhD, of the National Health Insurance Service, and Sang Won Lee, PhD, of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency for the development and operation of the COVID-19 convergence big data platform. This study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS-2022-1-363).