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Cortical Hemiballismus Associated With an Insular and Temporal Lobe Infarct

To identify the key insights or developments described in this article
1 Credit CME

A 61-year-old man with a medical history significant for hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, and tonsillar cancer in remission presented with acute-onset left arm weakness. He presented 30 minutes after onset of symptoms and his National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 5 on arrival for left facial droop, right gaze preference, and left homonymous hemianopia. There was a mild left proximal arm weakness but no pronator drift. Computed tomography (CT) of the head did not show any hemorrhage and his Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score was 9. CT angiogram showed a distal right M2 thrombus. The patient received tissue plasminogen activator, but he was deemed not to be a candidate for mechanical thrombectomy given the distal clot location. Symptoms resolved within 24 hours. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed an acute infarct of the right insula and temporal cortex with no subcortical involvement (Figure). He started treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel, along with a high-intensity statin. Two days after presentation, the patient developed involuntary, large-amplitude, irregular, flinging movements of the left extremities that were insuppressible (Video). A second CT of the head exhibited known hypodensity in the right superior temporal lobe and insular cortex, without any significant change from prior magnetic resonance imaging. Routine electroencephalography did not show epileptiform activity, though no abnormal movements were observed during this study and the patient had preserved awareness during these events. No electrolyte abnormalities were seen. Left hemiballismus resolved spontaneously within 2 days without any pharmacological intervention. He continued to have left homonymous hemianopia on discharge.

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Article Information

Corresponding Author: Cleo Zarina Reyes, MD, Department of Neurology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, 1250 S Cedar Crest Blvd, Ste 405, Allentown, PA 18104 (cleozreyes@gmail.com).

Published Online: August 15, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2305

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

Additional Contributions: We thank the patient for granting permission to publish this information.

References
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Carbayo  Á , Sarto  J , Santana  D , Compta  Y , Urra  X .  Hemichorea as presentation of acute cortical ischemic stroke: case series and review of the literature.   J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;29(10):105150. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105150PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
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Hwang  KJ , Hong  IK , Ahn  TB , Yi  SH , Lee  D , Kim  DY .  Cortical hemichorea-hemiballism.   J Neurol. 2013;260(12):2986-2992. doi:10.1007/s00415-013-7096-7PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
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Giammello  F , Cosenza  D , Casella  C ,  et al.  Isolated insular stroke: clinical presentation.   Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;49(1):10-18. doi:10.1159/000504777PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref
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Credit Designation Statement: The American Medical Association designates this Journal-based CME activity activity for a maximum of 1.00  AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to:

  • 1.00 Medical Knowledge MOC points in the American Board of Internal Medicine's (ABIM) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program;;
  • 1.00 Self-Assessment points in the American Board of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery’s (ABOHNS) Continuing Certification program;
  • 1.00 MOC points in the American Board of Pediatrics’ (ABP) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program;
  • 1.00 Lifelong Learning points in the American Board of Pathology’s (ABPath) Continuing Certification program; and
  • 1.00 CME points in the American Board of Surgery’s (ABS) Continuing Certification program

It is the CME activity provider's responsibility to submit participant completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting MOC credit.

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