Corresponding Author: Jean-Pierre Frat, MD, PhD, CHU de Poitiers, Médecine Intensive Réanimation, 2 rue de la Milétrie, CS 90577, 86021 POITIERS cedex, France (jean-pierre.frat@chu-poitiers.fr).
Accepted for Publication: August 21, 2022
Author Contributions: Dr Ragot and Mr de Keizer had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Frat, Coudroy, Guesdon, Ragot, Thille.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Frat, Quenot, Badie, Coudroy, Guitton, Ehrmann, Gacouin, Merdji, Auchabie, Daubin, Dureau, Thibault, Sedillot, Rigaud, Demoule, Fatah, Terzi, Simonin, Danjou, Carteaux, Pradel, Besse, Reignier, Beloncle, La Combe, Prat, Nay, De Keizer, Ragot, Thille.
Drafting of the manuscript: Frat, Badie, Sedillot, Fatah, Guesdon, De Keizer, Ragot, Thille.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Frat, Quenot, Coudroy, Guitton, Ehrmann, Gacouin, Merdji, Auchabie, Daubin, Dureau, Thibault, Rigaud, Demoule, Fatah, Terzi, Simonin, Danjou, Carteaux, Pradel, Besse, Reignier, Beloncle, La Combe, Prat, Nay, De Keizer, Ragot, Thille.
Statistical analysis: Coudroy, De Keizer, Ragot, Thille.
Obtained funding: Frat, Demoule, Thille.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Frat, Quenot, Badie, Dureau, Carteaux, Guesdon, Besse.
Supervision: Frat, Merdji, Ragot.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Frat reported receiving grants from the French Ministry of Health and Fisher & Paykel Healthcare during the conduct of the study and personal fees and nonfinancial support from Fisher & Paykel Healthcare and SOS Oxygène outside the submitted work. Dr Coudroy reported receiving grants from the European Respiratory Society and the French Intensive Care Society, and travel expense coverage to attend scientific meetings from Fisher & Paykel Healthcare and Merck Sharp & Dohme. Dr Ehrmann reported receiving personal fees, grants, and nonfinancial support from Fisher & Paykel Healthcare and Aerogen Ltd. Dr Auchabie reported receiving grants from the French Ministry of Health. Dr Demoule reported receiving personal fees from Respinor, Baxter, Fisher & Paykel Healthcare, Lungpacer, Lowenstein, Getinge, Gilead, and Mindray; grants from the French Ministry of Health; and nonfinancial support from Philips. Dr Terzi reported receiving personal fees from Pfizer. Dr Carteaux reported receiving personal fees from Dräger, Medtronic, and Lowenstein and nonfinancial support from Air Liquide Medical System. Dr Beloncle reported receiving nonfinancial support from GE Healthcare and Covidien, travel expenses from Draeger, and personal fees from Lowenstein. Dr Nay reported receiving personal fees for lectures from Fisher & Paykel Healthcare. Dr Ragot reported receiving grants from the French Ministry of Health and Fisher & Paykel Healthcare. Dr Thille reported receiving travel expense coverage to attend scientific meetings and payment for lectures from Fisher & Paykel Healthcare, Covidien, Maquet-Getinge, Dräger Medical, and GE Healthcare. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: Financial support was provided by the “Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique National” 2019 from the French Ministry of Health (PHRC-19-0305) and a grant from Fisher & Paykel Healthcare.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Group Information: The SOHO-COVID Study Group and the REVA Network members are listed in Supplement 4.
Additional Contributions: We thank Mr Jeffrey Arsham, translator, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France, for reviewing and editing the original English-language manuscript. He did not receive compensation for his role in the study.
Data Sharing Statement: See Supplement 5.
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