Accepted for Publication: August 31, 2022.
Published Online: November 2, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.4590
Corresponding Author: An-Wen Chan, MD, DPhil, Division of Dermatology, Women’s College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1B2 (anwen.chan@utoronto.ca).
Author Contributions: Drs Mirali and Chan had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Tang, Drucker, Turchin, Levell, Beecker, Bissonnette, Catherall, Lapointe McKenzie, Hawkins, Papp, Chan.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Mirali, Tang, Drucker, Gooderham, Hong, Kalia, Chan.
Drafting of the manuscript: Mirali, Tang, Catherall, Lapointe McKenzie.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Tang, Drucker, Turchin, Gooderham, Levell, Beecker, Bissonnette, Hawkins, Hong, Kalia, Papp, Chan.
Statistical analysis: Tang, Chan.
Obtained funding: Drucker.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Tang, Kalia.
Supervision: Drucker, Turchin, Beecker, Hawkins, Kalia, Chan.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Mirali reported receiving nonfinancial support from Skin Investigation Network of Canada (SkIN Canada) during the conduct of the study and serving as an Editorial Trainee for the British Journal of Dermatology outside the submitted work. Dr Drucker reported receiving grants from Canadian Institutes of Health Research during the conduct of the study; and compensation from the British Journal of Dermatology (reviewer and Section Editor), American Academy of Dermatology (guidelines writer), and National Eczema Association (grant reviewer) outside the submitted work. Dr Gooderham reported receiving grants (research investigator) and personal fees (speaker, advisory board) from Amgen, AbbVie, Arcutis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Bausch Health, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi Genzyme, and UCB; grants (research investigator, adviser) from Aslan; and grants (research investigator) from AnaptysBio, Dermira, Incyte, Meiji, Moonlake, Merck, and Reistone outside the submitted work. Dr Levell reported being a past chair of the UK Therapy and Guideline Committee up to July 2022, which has published national guidelines on the topic under review. Dr Hawkins reported receiving grants from L’Oréal and personal fees from AbbVie, LEO Pharma, Sanofi, and Lilly outside the submitted work. Dr Hong reported honoraria and clinical trials from AbbVie, Amgen, Arcutis, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dermavant, Galderma, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, and UCB outside the submitted work. Dr Kalia reported serving as Sun Awareness Working Group, Canadian Dermatology Association National Chair outside the submitted work. Dr Papp reported receiving grants and personal fees paid to institution from AbbVie, Akros, Amgen, Bausch Health, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Coherus, Dermavant, Galderma, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, LEO Pharma, Sanofi Genzyme, Sun Pharma, Takeda, UCB, Merck (MSD), Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and Eli Lilly; grants paid to institution from Anacor, Arcutis, Avillion, Bristol Myers Squibb, Can-Fite Biopharma, Dermira, Dow Pharma, Evelo, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, Regeneron, and Roche; and personal fees paid to institution from Acelyrin, Aralez Pharmaceuticals, Celltrion, Dice Pharmaceuticals, Forbion, Meiji Seika Pharma, Mitsubishi Pharma, Reistone, Sandoz, vTv Therapeutics, and Xencor outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This work was conducted by members of the Skin Investigation Network of Canada (SkIN Canada), which provided in-kind support.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: Members of the Skin Investigation Network of Canada (SkIN Canada) were involved in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Additional Contributions: We thank Arani Muthurajah, HBSc, for her assistance with screening articles. She was compensated for these contributions.
6.Tang
E , Fung
K , Chan
AW . Incidence and mortality rates of keratinocyte carcinoma from 1998-2017: a population-based study of sex differences in Ontario, Canada.
CMAJ. 2021;193(39):E1516-E1524. doi:
10.1503/cmaj.210595
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 7.Amin
MB , Edge
SB , Greene
FL ,
et al, eds. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. American Joint Committee on Cancer, Springer; 2017.
8.Morgan
FC , Ruiz
ES , Karia
PS , Besaw
RJ , Neel
VA , Schmults
CD . Brigham and Women’s Hospital tumor classification system for basal cell carcinoma identifies patients with risk of metastasis and death.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;85(3):582-587. doi:
10.1016/j.jaad.2021.01.052
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 9.Ruiz
ES , Karia
PS , Besaw
R , Schmults
CD . Performance of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual, 8th Edition vs the Brigham and Women's Hospital Tumor Classification System for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
JAMA Dermatol. 2019;155(7):819-825. doi:
10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.0032PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 10.Shamseer
L , Moher
D , Clarke
M ,
et al; PRISMA-P Group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation.
BMJ. 2015;350:g7647. doi:
10.1136/bmj.g7647
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 13.Stanganelli
I , Spagnolo
F , Argenziano
G ,
et al; On Behalf Of Italian Melanoma Intergroup Imi. The multidisciplinary management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a comprehensive review and clinical recommendations by a panel of experts.
Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(2):377. doi:
10.3390/cancers14020377
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 16.Lesiak
A , Czuwara
J , Kaminska-Winciorek
G ,
et al. Squamous cell carcinoma and Merkel-cell carcinoma. Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations of the Polish Dermatological Society.
Przegl Dermatol. 2019;106:127-149. doi:
10.5114/dr.2019.85573Google ScholarCrossref 18.Nasr
I , McGrath
EJ , Harwood
CA ,
et al; British Association of Dermatologists’ Clinical Standards Unit. British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of adults with basal cell carcinoma 2021.
Br J Dermatol. 2021;185(5):899-920. doi:
10.1111/bjd.20524
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 21.Peris
K , Fargnoli
MC , Garbe
C ,
et al; European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Diagnosis and treatment of basal cell carcinoma: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guidelines.
Eur J Cancer. 2019;118:10-34. doi:
10.1016/j.ejca.2019.06.003
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 22.Vílchez-Márquez
F , Borregón-Nofuentes
P , Barchino-Ortiz
L ,
et al. Diagnosis and treatment of basal cell carcinoma in specialized dermatology units: a clinical practice guideline.
Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed). 2020;111(4):291-299. doi:
10.1016/j.adengl.2020.04.009
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 23.Zloty
D , Guenther
LC , Sapijaszko
M ,
et al; Canadian Non-melanoma Skin Cancer Guidelines Committee. Non-melanoma skin cancer in canada chapter 4: management of basal cell carcinoma.
J Cutan Med Surg. 2015;19(3):239-248. doi:
10.1177/1203475415586664
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 25.Bonerandi
JJ , Beauvillain
C , Caquant
L ,
et al; French Dermatology Recommendations Association (aRED). Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011;25(suppl 5):1-51. doi:
10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04296.x
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 26.Keohane
SG , Botting
J , Budny
PG ,
et al; British Association of Dermatologists’ Clinical Standards Unit. British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of people with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma 2020.
Br J Dermatol. 2021;184(3):401-414. doi:
10.1111/bjd.19621
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 28.Leiter
U , Heppt
MV , Steeb
T ,
et al. S3 guideline for actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC)—short version, part 2: epidemiology, surgical and systemic treatment of cSCC, follow-up, prevention and occupational disease.
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2020;18(4):400-413. doi:
10.1111/ddg.14072
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 30.Stratigos
AJ , Garbe
C , Dessinioti
C ,
et al; European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). European interdisciplinary guideline on invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: part 2. treatment.
Eur J Cancer. 2020;128:83-102. doi:
10.1016/j.ejca.2020.01.008
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 32.Flohil
SC , van der Leest
RJ , Arends
LR , de Vries
E , Nijsten
T . Risk of subsequent cutaneous malignancy in patients with prior keratinocyte carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Eur J Cancer. 2013;49(10):2365-2375. doi:
10.1016/j.ejca.2013.03.010
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 33.van Loo
E , Mosterd
K , Krekels
GA ,
et al. Surgical excision versus Mohs’ micrographic surgery for basal cell carcinoma of the face: a randomised clinical trial with 10 year follow-up.
Eur J Cancer. 2014;50(17):3011-3020. doi:
10.1016/j.ejca.2014.08.018
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 36.Chan
AW , Fung
K , Austin
PC ,
et al. Improved keratinocyte carcinoma outcomes with annual dermatology assessment after solid organ transplantation: population-based cohort study.
Am J Transplant. 2019;19(2):522-531. doi:
10.1111/ajt.14966
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 38.Wehner
MR , Linos
E , Parvataneni
R , Stuart
SE , Boscardin
WJ , Chren
MM . Timing of subsequent new tumors in patients who present with basal cell carcinoma or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
JAMA Dermatol. 2015;151(4):382-388. doi:
10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.3307
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 42.Marcil
I , Stern
RS . Risk of developing a subsequent nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer: a critical review of the literature and meta-analysis.
Arch Dermatol. 2000;136(12):1524-1530. doi:
10.1001/archderm.136.12.1524
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 45.Liddy
C , Moroz
I , Affleck
E ,
et al. How long are Canadians waiting to access specialty care? retrospective study from a primary care perspective.
Can Fam Physician. 2020;66(6):434-444.
PubMedGoogle Scholar 49.Slotman
E , Schreuder
K , Nijsten
TEC ,
et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on keratinocyte carcinoma in the Netherlands: trends in diagnoses and magnitude of diagnostic delays.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(5):680-687. doi:
10.1111/jdv.17976
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 50.Hsiang
WR , Lukasiewicz
A , Gentry
M ,
et al. Medicaid patients have greater difficulty scheduling health care appointments compared with private insurance patients: a meta-analysis.
Inquiry. 2019;56:46958019838118.
PubMedGoogle Scholar 51.Deckers
EA , Hoekstra-Weebers
JEHM , Damude
S ,
et al. The MELFO Study: a multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial on the effects of a reduced stage-adjusted follow-up schedule on cutaneous melanoma IB-IIC patients—results after 3 years.
Ann Surg Oncol. 2020;27(5):1407-1417. doi:
10.1245/s10434-019-07825-7
PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 53.Robinson
JK , Wayne
JD , Martini
MC , Hultgren
BA , Mallett
KA , Turrisi
R . Early detection of new melanomas by patients with melanoma and their partners using a structured skin self-examination skills training intervention: a randomized clinical trial.
JAMA Dermatol. 2016;152(9):979-985. doi:
10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.1985PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref