Accepted for Publication: August 1, 2022.
Published Online: October 31, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.3828
Corresponding Author: Maya Ragavan, MD, MPH, MS, Division of General Academic Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, 3414 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (ragavanm@chp.edu).
Author Contributions: Dr Ragavan had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Chen, Sidani, Chaves-Gnecco, Hernandez, Cowden, Ragavan.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.
Drafting of the manuscript: Chen, Sidani, Chaves-Gnecco, Rothenberger, Cowden, Ragavan.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Chen, Demaestri, Schweiberger, Sidani, Wolynn, Chaves-Gnecco, Hernandez, Mickievicz, Cowden, Ragavan.
Statistical analysis: Chen, Schweiberger, Rothenberger, Mickievicz.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Schweiberger, Wolynn, Hernandez, Cowden.
Supervision: Chaves-Gnecco, Cowden, Ragavan.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Schweiberger reported receiving funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Health Resources and Services Administration outside the submitted work. Dr Sidani reported receiving grants from the American Heart Association, the Richard King Mellon Foundation, and the NIH outside the submitted work. Dr Hernandez reported receiving funding from the NIH outside the submitted work. Dr Cowden reported receiving funding from the REACH Healthcare Foundation, Health Forward Foundation, and Government Employees Health Insurance Foundation outside the submitted work. Dr Ragavan reported receiving funding from the NIH and the Allegheny County Health Department outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: Dr Schweiberger was supported by Primary Care Research Award T32HP22240 from the Health Resources and Services Administration. Dr Sidani was supported by PittCATS K12 grant K12DA050607 from the University of Pittsburgh and by grant 20CDA352260151 from the American Heart Association. Dr Ragavan was supported by KL2 grant TR001856 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, University of Pittsburgh.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.