Accepted for Publication: September 12, 2022.
Published: October 27, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.38867
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. © 2022 Smith DM et al. JAMA Network Open.
Corresponding Author: Davey M. Smith, MD, MAS, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0676 (d13smith@health.ucsd.edu).
Author Contributions: Dr Hughes had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Drs Chew and Hughes contributed equally.
Concept and design: Smith, Li, Moser, Currier, Chew, Hughes.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Smith, Moser, Yeh, Chew, Hughes.
Drafting of the manuscript: Smith, Li, Hughes.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Smith, Moser, Yeh, Currier, Chew, Hughes.
Statistical analysis: Moser, Yeh, Hughes.
Obtained funding: Smith, Currier, Hughes.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Smith, Chew, Hughes.
Supervision: Smith, Li, Chew, Hughes.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Smith reported receiving personal fees from consulting work for Linear Therapies, Model Medicines, Kiadis Pharmaceutical, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Signant Health, Evidera, Fluxergy, Vx Bioscience, and Pharma Holdings outside the submitted work. Dr Li reported receiving grants from Merck outside the submitted work. Dr Currier reported receiving personal fees for advisory board work from Merck and Company outside the submitted work. Dr Chew reported receiving research funding to her institution from Merck Sharp & Dohme, and reported consulting work for Pardes Biosciences; she reported having a patent pending for ACTIV-2 COVID-19 acute and long-term symptom diaries that will be made available at no cost, as they were developed with federal funding. No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under grant Nos. UM1 AI068634, UM1 AI068636, and UM1 AI106701.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Group Information: The ACTIV-2/A5401 Study Team members appear in the Supplement.
Disclaimer: The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Additional Contributions: We thank the study participants, site staff, site investigators, and the entire ACTIV-2/A5401 study team; the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, including Joseph J. Eron, MD, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Eric S. Daar, MD, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, and David A. Wohl, MD, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine; the Harvard Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research and ACTG Statistical and Data Analysis Center, including Justin Ritz, MS; the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/Division of AIDS, including William Erhardt, MD, Arzhang Cyrus Javan, MD, MPH, DTM&H, and Peter Kim, MD, of the National Institutes of Health; the US Government Response to COVID-19; the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health and the Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) partnership, including Stacey Adams, PhD; and PPD. All contributors received compensation for activities within ACTIV-2/A5401.